Definitions
This is the primary distinction between the term 'communication' and 'communications'.
'Communication' is the process, while 'communications' refers to the mediated technologies.
The process a receiver goes through to assign meaning to a message.
Decoding
The recent changing focus of research reflects...
...a growing interest in the prominence of media and technology.
A statistical programming language loved by graduate students and pirates.
R
This duo developed a model for describing the process of communication for the Bell Telephone Company in 1949.
Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
The fundamental purpose of communication, according to McCroskey (2006).
The stimulation of meaning in another person's mind through messages.
...some kind of device or technology to transmit the information.
The first message ever sent by this technology in 1844.
Morse Code
This research method, developed in the 1930s and 1940s, involves studying human attitudes.
Survey research.
After World War II, this Yale University author conducted a significant body of research on persuasion and attitude change.
Carl Hovland
"Language" as its defined in verbal communication.
A system of symbols and codes regulated by grammar and syntax.
Receivers primarily base the meaning they assign to a given message using this.
Receivers assign meaning based on their own previous experiences.
Wickersham, Sherblom, and Richmond (2004) revealed these top research concepts in their analysis of 20 years of articles in "Communication Research Reports".
General communication, relationships and perception were the most studied.
These two basic concepts related to research methods help explore appropriate research participants and ensure projects are successful.
Sampling and hypothesis testing.
This person is credited with creating the modern conceptualization of the field of communication studies at the University of Illinois.
Wilbur Schramm
'Message' is defined as...
The verbal or nonverbal stimulus that stimulates meaning.
The two main types of channels in the SMCR model.
Verbal and nonverbal
The Yale group examined these variables to influence persuasion.
They examined source credibility, personality traits, argument ordering, explicit versus implicit conclusions, and fear appeals.
(You need 3 of 5 to be correct.)
Measurements must have these two key characteristics for research to be meaningful.
Reliability and validity.
This person is credited with the shift in focus to quantitative research methodologies at Michigan State University.
David Berlo
The purpose of a message, in practice.
The message is what you want your receiver(s) to know, feel, and/or do when you are done communicating.
SMCR stands for this.
source-message-channel-receive
Paul Lazarsfeld's early research during World War II determined that communication could be broken into these four categories.
who, said what, to whom and with what effect
Name four common techniques for conducting communication research mentioned in the text.
Survey, content analysis, experiment, and Big Data.
This person analogizes the concept of 'process' in communication as dynamic and ever-changing.
("One cannot step into the same river twice because both the person and the river has changed.")
Heraclitus