WHO
Who proposed the cognitive process model of writing?
John Hayes and Linda Flower
What type of paper requires the writer to take a stance on a usually controversial issue?
Position paper
When would an educator assign exploratory writing?
When it's time to promote engagement and learning.
When is the best time to implement Reader response logs?
when students interpret texts and make conclusions from the texts rather than summarizing the material
Why should you integrate writing into the classroom?
Creates an interactive environment / Helps realize their social and cognitive potential.
Who found that, of the four uses of school writing he identified (mechanical, informational, personal, and imaginative), informational writing was the most frequently required?
Applebee
What are the three main types of writing and their corresponding results?
restrictive, summary, and analytical writing
Restrictive writing results in students being able to answer review questions in preparation for more complex tasks. It is beneficial to students at the beginning of a lesson to activate their prior knowledge about a topic.
Summary writing results in students being able to identify the main ideas of the text. It is beneficial to practice summary writing during reading to build literal comprehension skills.
Analytical writing results in students being able to clearly integrate multiple texts within their explanations to support their claims, refute alternative arguments, and answer inferential complex questions.
Why are admit slips and exit passes helpful to student learning?
They give students the opportunity to ask questions and to process what was taught in class.
When can teachers allow their students to construct meaning through writing?
During assignments in which students are prompted to inquire more about the topic they are studying
Why are focused free writes more useful in a classroom than normal free writes?
Focused free writes are a more restricted form of writing that allows students to reflect on a specific issue.
Who implemented reading journals with her students in reading workshops that had them writing letters between students and student and teacher, providing individually tailored looks into each students' personal reading preferences?
Nancy Atwell
What two developments in the writing field help heighten students' essay writing, by knowing expectations and outcomes?
1) engaging students in the writing process
2) using rubrics to evaluate performance
Where do the following continuums fall in a spectrum of low to medium to high stakes?
1. Supportive response
2. Critical response with diagnosis and advice for improvement
3. Zero response
Supportive response (Medium stakes)
2. Critical response with diagnosis and advice for improvement (High stakes)
3. Zero response (Low stakes)
When is a good time to use a free write?
After a discussion for students to focus their attention on what was learned, how it was learned, and what questions remain unanswered.
Why was the National Writing Project (NWP) developed by several teachers in the 1970s?
They were interested in finding a format in which teachers using writing in schools could meet with other teachers to improve student writing.
Who has engaged 24 Boston, Chicago, New Orleans, and San Fransisco area teachers of English and social studies in university-supported teacher-research projects?
Sarah Freedman and her collaborators
What are the two compelling reasons to assign writing in every class?
Writing help pave the way for a new discipline and strategies while also allowing one to view a student’s mind and how they process information.
Why are the effects of different types of writing an important part of our pedagogical knowledge?
Different types of writing foster different kinds of learning and reasoning, studies have shown the activation of distinct kinds of cognitive processes, that result in students' learning different things.
When could teachers utilize restricted writing with their students?
When they want students to review content of a text before a test or class discussion and to prepare students for a more complex instructional task such as comparing alternative theories or explanations.
Why are some teachers reluctant to assign writing in their classes?
It can be difficult and time consuming to respond to compared to multiple-choice or short answer tests which are relatively easy to grade.
For an I-Search Paper, who chooses the writing topic?
For an I-Search Paper, who chooses the writing topic?
What are the five stages of writing?
Prewriting, drafting, revising, proofreading, and publishing
For the Individual-Environmental Writing model, what are the four components for the Individual section?
Motivation, Cognitive Process, Working memory, and Long-term memory.
When should teacher encourage analytical writing?
Analytical writing can be encouraged in all subject areas. Science teachers can encourage analytical writing when they want students to analyze and compare two different explanations of a lab event. History teachers can encourage analytical writing when they want students to analyze multiple text sources to answer complex inquiry questions, its consequences, how the war could have been avoided. English teachers can encourage analytical writing when they want students to analyze a character.
Why would a writer have to change their writing strategies?
They would have to change their writing strategies because the strategies they use depend on the nature of the writing task.