Patterns
Author may present concluding paragraph that summarizes section
Summary
Items are put into groups or categories
Classification Pattern
Author adds information
Addition
is known as, is called, refers to, is defined as
Definition
first, second, then, next, finally
Sequence
Describes objects’ position or location in space
Location or spatial order
Pattern that presents the meaning of important term discussed throughout
Definition
Author presents a conflict and a fix to that conflict
Problem and Solution
likewise, both, same, however, while, although, unlike
Compare and contrast
above, below, behind, beside, near
Location or spatial order
A group of items presented in no specific order, since the order is unimportant
List
Same as definition, but this time the author included an example of the definition
Definition and example
Provides the information in a sequence of the events, for example, narrating a story of actual events.
Time Order or Chronological
because, the reasons, causes, is due to, is caused by
therefore, consequently, thus, as a consequence, led to the result, as a result, the effect was, this resulted in
Cause and effect
and, also, another, in addition, and moreover
List
Similarities between two or more things are presented, differences between two or more things are presented, or both
Compare and contrast
Author presents important general concept, rule, or principle, followed by examples
Generalization and example
General statement followed by addition information that clarifies that information
Statement and clarification
groups, categories, ways, types, factors, classes
Classification
also, besides, in addition to, furthermore, and
Addition
Reasons and results of events or conditions are presented
Cause and effect
A list of items presented in a specific order because order is important
Sequence
Details explain the main idea by providing a mental picture of situations, objects, or surroundings; details focus on sensory or physical data.
Descriptive
in other words, in fact, obviously, as a matter of fact
Statement and Clarification
In summary, in short, to sum up, the point is
Summary