Eyewitness Evidence (General)
Eyewitness
Eyewitness
It acquires information via attentional processes.
What is encoding?
Police officer saying that the perpetrator may or may not be present.
What is lineup instruction?
Eyewitness misidentification, Police and prosecutorial errors,Guilty pleas made by innocent people, Inadequate legal representation, Witness Perjury, Police and prosecutorial misconduct, Faulty or "junk" science
What is cause of wrongful convictions?
It is innovative, empiricism, descriptive, nomothetic, uses probability, & proactive
What is psychology?
Court incorporated procedures to reduce the likelihood that a mistaken eyewitness ID will result in a wrongful conviction.
What is legal safeguars?
It is reproducing information either through recall or recognition and most important for criminologist.
What is retrieval?
Misidentification results due to this reason.
What is biased instructions?
The tendency to focus our search for information that supports our existing beliefs and ignoring information that contradicts them
what is tunnel vision?
Goal is to educate the jury about a particular aspect of the case.
what is expert testimony?
Excluded in court because it is "beyond the ken of the jury"
What is expert testimony exclusion in court?
It is a constructive and reconstructive process for encoding, storing , and retrieving information.
What is memory?
The four factors that influence eyewitness memory.
What are system variables. estimator variable, & postdiction variables?
tendency to seek or interpret evidence in ways that support existing beliefs, biases, etc.
what is confirmation bias?
It is conservative, authoritative, prescriptive, ideographic, certainty, reactive operational, applied.
What is law?
Relies on the assumption tat both attorneys & judges are sensitive to factors that contribute to eyewitness errors
What is motion to suppress eyewitness evidence?
Factors that influence eyewitness memory have been labeled either of these two.
What is system variable of estimator variable?
Any individual who did not witness the crime but views the lineup and is asked to ID the suspect.
What is mock witnesses?
projecting new knowledge of outcomes into the past without being aware that your view of the past is skewed by the present
what is outcome bias?
It is educating about relevant psychological research.
What is amicus curiae bries?
The process of jury selection.
What is voir dire?
The factors that influence memory which are under the control of the criminal justice system.
What is system variables?
Most commonly used lineup construction technique.
What is Match To Suspect technique or MTS?
Started to help people who are wrongfully convicted.
What is Innocence Project?
Evaluates the behavior of the "average" individual, but cannot explain the behavior of any specific individual.
What is nomothetic?
Biased individuals are removed from the jury pool by using this process.
What is challenge?