Case Study
SCOTUS ruled that evidence obtained illegally without a valid warrant, cannot be used in state courts
Mapp v. Ohio
When a Cop makes a "reasonable mistake" in conducting a search, then any evidence they obtain is still admissible.
What is In Good Faith Rule?
Used to evaluate laws or government actions that affect basic rights or involve classifications based on race, religion, or national origin
Strict Scrutiny Doctrine
What court allowed warrantless evidence obtained in search to be admissible
Massachusetts Appellate Court
A statement that damages someone's reputation
What is Defamation?
Prohibiting people from sleeping in public if there is no alternative where homeless people can sleep, is illegal and violates the rights of the homeless
Martin v. City of Boise
The Standing Requirement
Evidence is admissible if it is obtained through a source independent of illegal search or seizure
Independent Source Doctrine
The university whose students are facing expulsion for participating in Pro-Palestinian protests
Columbia University
The action of provoking unlawful behavior or urging someone to behave unlwafully
Incitement
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
This principle states the no one shall face degrading treatment
Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 5
Principle that focuses on ensuring individuals or groups have access to principle forums or government controlled spaces to express their views.
Access Doctrine
Prohibits Grants pass from enforcing its camping regulations for 14 days. Within this period, the city cannot cite, arrest, or fine people for camping anywhere in the city
Oregon judge pauses camping ban enforcement
Individuals who are not included in official accounts. (Ex. may be couch-surfing at a friend's house)
Hidden Homelessness
SCOTUS ruled that a federal statute prohibiting picketing and leaflet-ting on the public sidewalks surrounding the Supreme Court building was unconstitutional under the 1st amendment
United States v. Grace
What principle stands as the law of retaliation, whereby a punishment resembles the offense committed?
What is Lex Talionis?
The government can have their own views, so long as they don't try to restrict opposing views or limit individuals speech
Government Speech Doctrine
Local governments would have to pay property owners through tax returns if property value decreases due to homeless encampments
Georgia Bill allowing property owners tax refund
A statement that intends to frighten or intimidate someone into believing they will be harmed
True Threats
This case held that when evidence is obtained illegally, nothing can be done with it. Once it's deemed illegal, it cannot be manipulated, or copies made
Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. United States
Government censorship that prohibits speech or expression before it occurs. It is considered a severe infringement on freedom of speech and press.
Prior Restraint
Provides that laws regulating speech cans weep too broadly and prohibit protected, as well as non-protected, speech
Overbreadth Doctine
What recent actions on Social Media have been taken against cyber trucks
Anti-Musk projections on TikTok
or
People putting other car brands logos on their Teslas
Speech intended to promote a product or a service. It receives less protection than other forms of speech
Commercial Speech