Start of WW1
What does M.A.I.N. mean?
Militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism.
What was the Sykes-Picot Agreement?
A secret agreement between Britain and France to divide Ottoman lands into spheres of influence.
How were civilians affected directly by the war?
Civilians experienced destroyed homes, displacement, and harsh living conditions.
Why did the United States join the war?
Unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmermann Telegram shifted public opinion.
Who was Vladimir Lenin?
Leader of the Bolsheviks who led the October Revolution. Became the first leader of Communist Russia.
Who made up the Entente/Allies?
Britain, France, and Russia.
What happened during the Armenian Genocide?
Armenian men were killed, and women, children, and the elderly faced brutal marches.
What was rationing like for Germany?
Germany experienced severe food shortages due to the British blockade.
What empires collapsed because of World War I?
The German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and Russian Empires.
Who was Joseph Stalin and what did he do?
Stalin rose through the Communist Party and became dictator after Lenin's death.
What assassination sparked World War I?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
What did the British promise the Arabians and who was T.E. Lawrence?
The British promised independence to Arab leaders; T.E. Lawrence coordinated Arab forces with the British.
How did governments control the economy and what was propaganda used for?
Governments directed production toward the war effort; propaganda maintained support and promoted war bonds.
Explain unrestricted submarine warfare.
Germany sank ships without warning, including civilian and neutral ships.
What was a big issue for the Russians and what shortages did they face?
Russia struggled with logistics and faced shortages of rifles, ammunition, artillery, food, and uniforms.
What did the Battle of the Marne lead to?
A stalemate that resulted in trench warfare.
What was the impact of the war on the home front in India?
The war caused inflation and shortages, sparking independence movements.
Explain social change in France and Germany.
Workers and soldiers demanded better conditions, leading to strikes and reforms.
What was the Zimmermann Telegram?
A secret German message proposing an alliance with Mexico against the United States.
What was the outcome of the October Revolution?
The Bolsheviks seized power and established control.
What was the Schlieffen Plan?
Germany's plan to avoid a two-front war by invading France through Belgium. Then focusing on Russia after a quick French defeat.
What was the purpose of the Gallipoli Campaign?
To gain control of the Dardanelles and secure a supply route to Russia.
Explain the social change in the British Empire.
Women entered the workforce, women would gain voting rights, and colonies demanded more rights.
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
The peace agreement that punished Germany and created the League of Nations.
How did the February Revolution start? What was the outcome of the February Revolution?
It began with food shortages, war exhaustion, and strikes.
Tsar Nicholas II abdicated, ending Romanov rule.