Gallipoli Campaign
In which modern-day country did the Gallipoli Campaign occur?
Turkey
Where was poison gas first used on a large scale?
The Second Battle of Ypres.
Which empire carried out the Armenian Genocide?
The Ottoman Empire.
What year did Italy join the war?
1915
What does “U-boat” stand for?
Unterseeboot (German for “undersea boat”).
Which two major Allied powers led the campaign?
Britain and France (with ANZAC troops).
Which gas was used by the Germans in 1915?
Chlorine gas.
Who were the primary victims?
The Armenian Christian minority.
Which side did Italy join?
The Allies
What was “unrestricted submarine warfare”?
Attacking any ship, military or civilian, without warning.
What was the main objective of the campaign?
To gain control of the Dardanelles Strait and supply Russia.
What was the purpose of using gas in battle?
To break the stalemate of trench warfare.
What were Armenians accused of by the Ottoman government?
Supporting Russia, the enemy.
What motivated Italy to switch sides from the Triple Alliance?
Promises of land and territorial rewards.
What major ship was sunk by a U-boat in 1915?
The RMS Lusitania.
Why did the campaign fail?
Poor planning, strong Ottoman defense, and difficult terrain.
How did soldiers defend themselves later against gas attacks?
By using gas masks and protective gear.
What methods were used in the genocide?
Mass killings, forced marches, and deportations.
Which secret treaty made Italy’s alliance official?
The Treaty of London (1915).
Why did the Lusitania sinking cause international outrage?
It killed civilians, including Americans, and violated neutrality.
How did Gallipoli impact the involved nations?
It became a symbol of national pride for Australia/New Zealand and boosted Ottoman morale.
Why did the use of poison gas become a turning point in warfare?
It introduced chemical weapons, violating moral boundaries and leading to long-term bans after the war.
What were the long-term consequences of the Armenian Genocide?
Massive loss of life, displacement, and a lasting global debate on historical recognition and justice.
How did Italy’s decision affect the overall strategy of the Allies?
It opened a new front against Austria-Hungary, dividing Central Power forces and strengthening the Allies’ southern position.
How did submarine warfare influence the U.S. entry into WWI?
It created tension and shifted American opinion toward joining the Allies in 1917.