Causes of war
What is militarism? How did this lead to WWI breaking out?
Belief that a country should maintain a strong military capability & be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
Countries improved their militaries & weapons, more likely to go to war & compete with each other
A point in war when neither side can change the front lines dramatically no matter how hard it tries
Stalemate
The date the U.S. entered WWI
April 6, 1917 (Congress declares war)
Building of ditches/channels in order to protect/shelter from enemy fire (widely used during WWI)
Trench Warfare
Government issued and sold to citizens in order to finance the war
War bonds (Liberty Bonds or Victory Bonds)
What were the main alliances during WWI? How did alliances lead to WWI breaking out?
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria
Allied Powers: Great Britain, France, Russia (later U.S., Japan, Italy)
Had to protect your alliance, if they entered war you entered war
This is the area between two trenches
No-Man's Land
Why did the U.S. stay out of WWI for so long?
Isolationist ideals:
Avoid conflict
Focus on domestic issues/growth
Mixed support in U.S. due to melting pot/immigration
Unnecessary cost of lives/resources
The chemical that killed the most people during WWI (warfare tactic)
Mustard gas/poison gas
Requirement for all men ages 18-45 to register for service
Selective Service Act (Draft)
What is imperialism & how did it lead to WWI?
Policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force
Intense competition for power, land, & influence caused countries to fight each other
A conflict that targets both civilians and military personnel, and mobilizes men and resources at an unprecedented rate
Total War
1915 event when a German U-boat sank a British-owned cargo ship, killing Americans
Germany utilized this technology to target enemy cargo supplies (enforced unrestricted warfare)
Submarines/advanced naval power (U-Boats)
Experiences of African Americans during WWI
Discrimination and intense racism (back in U.S. & during war)
Separated from white soldiers (segregated units)
Great Migration to the North to fulfill industrial jobs
Lynchings & Killings
Intense combat service (Harlem Hellfighters)
What is nationalism & how did it lead to WWI?
An extreme pride or love for your country (belief your country is the best)
Countries prioritize self-interest, some countries were trying to become independent from others control
Media that is meant to change your opinion, or make you do something that you may not normally do.
Propaganda
1917 secret communication sent from Germany to Mexico proposing an alliance against the United States
Zimmermann Telegram
Technology widely used in Trench warfare which could fire up to 600 rounds per minute, caused 20-25% of battlefield deaths
Machine guns
Name for the U.S. armed forces send to Europe to fight (commanded by General John J. Pershing)
American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)
Who was assassinated leading up to WWI & how did it result in the break out of the war?
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungarian Empire was killed by Bosnian nationalist
Resulted in an explosion to the already developing conflict in Europe (countries entered war through already formed alliances)
The policy of remaining apart from concerns of other parts of the world
Isolationism
What were the economic reasons that the U.S. chose to enter the war?
Massive financial investments (loans) in the Allied Powers (wanted to secure a victory for them in order to guarantee repayment)
"Entered into WWI on horses, exited the war in _____"
Airplanes
Speech given by President Wilson outlining his vision after the conclusion of the war
Wilson's 14 Points