Diplomacy and Causes
What international meetings in 1899 and 1907 produced agreements to settle disputes peacefully, restrict certain weapons, and create rules of conduct for war?
The Hague Conferences
Which 1914 battle stopped the German advance toward Paris and involved taxis transporting troops?
First Battle of the Marne
What term describes government or mass media messages designed to increase public support for the war?
Propaganda
What underground defensive systems stretched across Europe and defined much of WWI fighting on the Western Front?
Trench Warfare
Who was assassinated on June 28, 1914, in Sarajevo, triggering the July crisis?
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Which two alliance systems divided Europe into opposing groups BEFORE WWI? List the countries of each.
Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Triple Entente: Russia, France, Great Britain
Name the 1916 battle that was one of the longest and deadliest on the Western Front, fought mainly between Germany and France.
Battle of Verdun
How did women’s roles change at home during WWI, and what typically happened to those jobs after the war?
Women worked in factories, took men's jobs; after the war many lost jobs when men returned.
Name two new or significantly developed weapons/technologies used in WWI that increased lethality.
Machine guns; poison gas; tanks; submarines/U‑boats; aircraft (any two)
After the assassination, which empire issued an ultimatum to Serbia that included a demand to participate in Serbia’s internal investigation?
Austria-Hungary
DOUBLE POINTS!!!!
Why was this considered a family conflict?
BE SPECIFIC!
Because George V of England, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, and Kaiser Wilhelm II were related.
Where did a failed 1915 Allied amphibious campaign aim to open supply lines to Russia and resulted in heavy Allied losses?
Gallipoli Campaign
Give two examples of how governments funded the war and two ways civilians were affected by shortages or controls.
Governments increased taxes and sold war bonds/loans; civilians faced rationing and seized cargo/shortages.
What is "going over the top"? Describe the tactical phase and one major risk for soldiers.
"Going over the top" = leaving the trench to charge across No Man’s Land toward enemy lines; major risk: exposure to machine guns/artillery/casualties.
List the correct sequence (nation declaring war or mobilizing) that led from Austria‑Hungary’s declaration to Great Britain’s declaration by August 4, 1914.
Austria‑Hungary declared war on Serbia (July 28); Russia mobilized in support of Serbia; Germany declared war on Russia (August 1) and then France; Germany invaded Belgium; Great Britain declared war on Germany (August 4).
Name the four long‑term causes of World War I commonly studied (use one word each).
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
Identify the 1914 Eastern Front battle where German forces destroyed much of the Russian Second Army early in the war.
Battle of Tannenberg
Explain the British naval blockade’s effect on the Central Powers and give an approximate civilian consequence mentioned in the materials.
British naval blockade cut off food/raw materials to Central Powers; caused severe shortages and contributed to large civilian deaths (~763,000 German civilians cited).
Explain unrestricted submarine warfare and name one ship whose sinking helped push the U.S. toward entering the war.
Unrestricted submarine warfare = attacking merchant/passenger ships without warning; Lusitania sinking (May 7, 1915) noted.
What two major diplomatic events in early 1917 helped lead the U.S. to declare war on Germany?
The Zimmerman Telegram and Germany’s resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare (early 1917).
Explain Pan‑Slavism and describe how the 1908 annexation of Bosnia‑Herzegovina increased tensions leading toward war.
Pan‑Slavism: movement to unite Slavic peoples under one nation; Austria‑Hungary’s 1908 annexation of Bosnia‑Herzegovina (largely Serb population) angered Serbia and increased nationalist tensions.
Describe the purpose and outcome of the Meuse‑Argonne Offensive (1918) and its significance to the war’s end.
Meuse‑Argonne Offensive: major 1918 Allied attack involving American forces that helped break German lines; contributed to armistice November 11, 1918.
Describe how conscription and wartime economic policies changed societies and one long‑term social consequence after WWI.
Conscription (draft) and centralized economic controls (rationing, price controls); long‑term: expanded government power and social change, including women’s suffrage gains in some countries.
Schlieffen Plan aimed for quick defeat of France by moving through Belgium/Netherlands then turning east to Russia; failed due to stronger Belgian resistance, faster Russian mobilization, modifications by von Moltke, and arrival of British forces.
Describe the Schlieffen Plan’s goal and at least two reasons it failed when implemented in 1914.
Summarize the role of alliances in turning a regional conflict into a world war; use the assassination and two alliance actions as examples.
Alliances turned a bilateral Austro‑Serbian crisis into a European war: Austria‑Hungary’s action against Serbia drew in Russia (ally of Serbia); Germany supported Austria‑Hungary and declared war on Russia and France; Britain entered after German invasion of Belgium—demonstrating how alliance commitments escalated conflict.