Pre-colonisation
What term describes the Aboriginal peoples’ deep spiritual connection to the land, sea, and sky?
The Dreaming or The Dreamtime
In what year did the First Fleet arrive in Australia?
1788
Who was the Aboriginal warrior known for leading resistance against British settlers around the Sydney region in the early 1800s?
Pemulwuy
What is the name of the term used to describe the widespread killing of Aboriginal people during the frontier conflicts?
Massacre
What is the main ingredient in guacamole?
Avocado
Aboriginal peoples are believed to have lived in Australia for at least how many years?
65 000 years
Who was the captain of the First Fleet and became the first Governor of New South Wales?
Captain Arthur Phillips
What does "Frontier Wars" refer to?
A series of violent conflicts between Aboriginal groups and European settlers across Australia from 1788 to the 1930s
Why did violent clashes often occur between Aboriginal groups and settlers?
Cultural Misunderstandings, because settlers took land, water, and food resources, disrupting traditional ways of life
In which country did the Olympic Games originate?
Greece
Before colonisation, around how many distinct Aboriginal languages were spoken across Australia?
Over 200
What was the main reason the British decided to send the First Fleet to Australia?
To establish a penal colony for convicts after the loss of the American colonies
What were some non-violent ways Aboriginal people resisted colonisation?
Refusing to move from traditional lands, maintaining culture, language, and ceremonies, and protecting sacred sites.
Burning settler crops and farms
Myall Creek Massacre of 1838, and why is it historically significant
the killing of at least 28 Wirrayaraay people by settlers in NSW AND it was one of the first times Europeans were tried and executed for murdering Aboriginal people
What is the name of the largest living animal on Earth?
Blue Whale
In Aboriginal culture, what does the term Country refer to beyond just the physical land?
Land, waters, skies, and all living things, including the spiritual, cultural, and ancestral connections to them?
What does the term Terra Nullius mean, and how did it influence British settlement in Australia?
Land belonging to no one,” a concept used by the British to justify taking the land without treaties or recognition of Aboriginal ownership
What was the main strategy used by Aboriginal warriors during frontier conflicts?
Guerrilla warfare: small, surprise attacks and ambushes against settlers and soldiers
What weapon or method did settlers often use during frontier massacres to overpower Aboriginal groups?
Guns and coordinated attacks, often carried out at night or by surprise
What animal can sleep for three years at a time?
Snail
How did Aboriginal peoples’ spiritual and practical connection to Country influence the way they managed natural resources?
They took only what was needed, used seasonal knowledge, and cared for the land through sustainable practices like fire-stick farming and totemic responsibilities
What challenges did the early settlers face when they arrived at Botany Bay and later moved to Port Jackson?
Poor soil, lack of fresh water, unfamiliar climate, food shortages, and limited farming knowledge
How has Aboriginal resistance continued after the Frontier Wars ended?
Through political activism, petitions, protests, and the fight for land rights and recognition
Why have many massacres in Australian history only been widely acknowledged in recent decades?
Because they were often hidden or left out of official records, and only later recognised through oral histories, research, and truth-telling projects.
What unusual animal has fingerprints so similar to humans that they can confuse crime scene investigators?
Koala