MANIA
Gallipoli and the ANZAC Legend
Overview of WWI
Australia in WWI
Australia & the Homefront
100
What does the acronym MANIA stand for?
Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, Assassination
100
When is ANZAC Day commemorated, and why?
April 25th, marking the anniversary of the Gallipoli landings in 1915.
100
What were the dates of World War I?
1914-1918
100
When (year) did Australia join WWI and why?
1914, as part of the British Empire and out of loyalty to Britain.
100
What is conscription?
Compulsory enlistment for military service.
200
What was the "Assassination" that helped spark WWI? Describe what happened.
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife by Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb nationalist (from the Blackhand), in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914
200
Describe the Gallipoli Campaign.
]An Allied attempt in 1915 to capture the Dardanelles and open a sea route to Russia, involving many Australian and New Zealand soldiers (ANZACs).
200
Name two new technologies used in WWI.
Machine guns, tanks, poison gas, airplanes, submarines.
200
Identify three ways propaganda was used in Australia.
Encourage enlistment
Support for the war
Demonize the enemy
200
Why did the government try to introduce conscription?
To replace heavy casualties and maintain troop numbers overseas. Enlistment numbers dropped after hearing of horrors of war.
300
Describe nationalism in WWI.
Nationalism involved intense pride in one's country and the belief that one's nation was superior, leading to competition and conflicts between nations, and support for war to prove national strength (strongly related to militarism)
300
Describe the ANZAC legend.
The idea that Australian and New Zealand soldiers showed great bravery, mateship, and endurance at Gallipoli, shaping national identity.
300
What is an armistice? Why was it important in WWI?
An armistice is a formal agreement between warring countries to stop fighting, but it is not the official end of a war.
The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was important because it ended the fighting between Germany and the Allies on the Western Front, bringing World War I to a close after four years of intense conflict.
300
Describe the experience of Indigenous soldiers during and after the war.
Despite discrimination, hundreds enlisted and served, though often not recognized equally. Many did not recieve benefits (land grants, widowers pension, and even wages) upon their return from war. As well, they still faced discrimination and unequal treatment in Australian society.
300
Identify three ways Australian society changed during or after WWI.
- More women entered the workforce
- Increased government control
- Anti-German sentiment
- Many Australian men joined the war, which caused serious problems for families and communities back home, both socially and financially.
- A stronger sense of national identity
400
Explain how alliances caused WWI. Provide an example.
Alliances divided Europe into two rival groups (Central Powers & Allied Powers), so when conflict started between two countries, allied nations were drawn in, turning a local conflict into a world war (domino effect). Ex. When Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia got involved due to an alliance.
400
Identify three reasons why the Gallipoli Campaign failed.
Poor planning, strong/underestimated Turkish resistance, difficult terrain, mapping errors, and logistical issues (difficulties in getting supplies like food, ammunition, and equipment to soldiers where and when they needed them).
400
What is meant by "stalemate" in WWI? Use a specific example.
The situation on the Western Front where neither side made significant advances, leading to little change in the front lines.
400
How did the scale and impact of Australian involvement on the Western Front compare to Gallipoli, in terms of troop numbers, casualties, and military honours?
Fives times as many ANZACs fought on Europe’s Western Front – a 700-kilometre-line stretching from the Belgian coast to the Swiss border.
5x more people were killed there (46,000)
5x as many Australians were awarded the Victoria Cross
400
How did Australia try to introduce conscription during World War I, and what was the result?
Australia held two public votes (plebiscites) in 1916 and 1917 to decide if men should be forced to join the army and fight overseas, but both times the majority voted "no."
500
Explain how imperialism caused WWI. (2 main reasons)
European powers competed for colonies and global influence, leading to tensions and conflicts over territories, which contributed to the outbreak of war.
Because of imperialism, World War I wasn’t just a European war—colonies joined in based on which country ruled them, turning it into a truly world-wide conflict.
500
What was the most successful aspect of the Gallipoli campaign? Why is it considered succesful? Why was it successful - provide specific examples.
The evacuation - no soldiers lost. Clever planning (drip rifle, fake cricket games, etc.)
500
Identify three members of the Central Powers & three members of the Allied Powers.
Central - Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire
Allied - Britain, Russia, France, Serbia, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, India, etc. (USA in 19187)
500
Explain how propaganda was used in WWI using the poster below.
Used to encourage enlistment. In this poster, peer pressure through the bandwagon effect is used to persuade men to join the armed forces.
500
Identify two arguments for and two arguments against conscription.
For:
- Australia had a duty to support Britain and the Allies.
- It was unfair for only volunteers to bear the burden while others stayed home.
- The army needed more men to win the war.
Against:
- seen as government overreach and a threat to personal freedom.
- working-class people felt they were already sacrificing the most.
- religious groups, especially Irish Catholics, and trade unions opposed it.
- would lead to more deaths and suffering.
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