The Road to War
Who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in 1914?
Gavrilo Princip.
What was the name of Germany's plan to defeat France quickly before turning against Russia?
The Schlieffen Plan.
Soldiers from opposing armies temporarily stopped fighting, met in No Man's Land, exchanged food and gifts, and sometimes sang together. What event is being described?
The Christmas Truce of 1914.
What is an armistice?
An agreement between enemies to stop fighting. (Waffenstillstand)
Which peace treaty imposed the main post-war conditions on Germany?
The Treaty of Versailles.
Which country did Austria-Hungary hold responsible for the assassination of Franz Ferdinand?
Serbia.
What type of warfare became typical of the Western Front after the mobile fighting of 1914 came to an end?
Trench warfare / a military stalemate.
A British passenger ship was sunk by a German U-boat, killing many civilians, including Americans, and causing outrage in the United States. Which ship was it?
The Lusitania.
Which two developments were especially important for Germany's defeat in 1918?
Which peace treaty regulated the post-war situation of Austria?
The Treaty of Saint-Germain.
Was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand the cause or the trigger of the First World War?
It was the trigger, not the underlying cause. Long-standing political rivalries and tensions had existed before the assassination.
Name one famous battle that took place on the Eastern Front and its victor
Battle of Tannenberg (1914 - Germany)
Brussilov Offensive (1916 - Russia)
Which Russian offensive became Russia's greatest military success of the war and caused enormous losses to Austria-Hungary?
The Brusilov Offensive.
What did General Ludendorff and other military leaders do after Germany's defeat, and which political legend developed from this?
They shifted responsibility for the defeat onto civilian politicians, which helped create the stab-in-the-back legend (Dolchstoßlegende).
Name the three major military restrictions imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles.
Name at least two out of three factors besides long-standing rivalries, that contributed to the outbreak of WWI.
nationalist ambitions (Nationalismus)
the armament race (Wettrüsten)
the alliance system (Bündnisse)
Italy entered the war on the Allied side. Which important Austrian territory did Italy hope to gain?
South Tyrol.
Britain introduced three important measures to deal with food shortages and German submarine attacks. Name them.
Name the three major empires that disappeared as a result of WWI.
Why did many Germans and Austrians describe the peace treaties as a “peace dictate”?
Because the defeated states were excluded from the actual negotiations and were largely forced to accept conditions decided by the victorious powers.
Explain the chain reaction that followed Austria-Hungary's declaration of war on Serbia.
Austria-Hungary attacked Serbia → Russia saw this as an attack on a Slavic brother nation → the alliance system pulled more countries into the conflict → the regional war developed into a much larger war.
Name two ways in which the entry of the United States strengthened the Allies.
What new kind of weapons were used for the first time in history? Name two!
Chlorine gas
machine guns
submarines
planes
The Allied powers did not all want the same things after WWI. What were the main interests of France, Britain and Italy?
Apart from reparations and military restrictions, name the three political or territorial points concerning Austria that were highlighted in your presentation on the Treaty of Saint-Germain.