General I
CRISPR uses this molecule to find the exact DNA sequence to edit.
What is guide RNA?
In 2021, this pig organ worked for 32 days in a brain-dead human.
What is a kidney?
These pig viruses are built into pig DNA and can’t be removed without gene editing.
What are PERVs?
This CRISPR enzyme makes a double-stranded break in DNA, allowing scientists to remove or replace pig genes.
What is Cas9?
How many people wait for kidneys in the US?
What is 90,000 people?
In 2023, this shocked researchers: the pig kidney produced this much urine in 24 hours.
What is 40 litres?
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What does PERVs stand for?
What are Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses?
Before using humans, xenotransplant teams tested pig organs in this unique group of patients who were legally dead but maintained on ventilators.
Who are brain-dead donors?
Name two reasons pigs are the preferred source of organs for xenotransplantation.
What are their organ size similarity to humans and their ability to be easily genetically engineered?
In 2024, Rick Slayman received a pig kidney containing this many gene edits.
What is 69?
This ethical problem emerges because engineered pig organs will be extremely expensive.
What is unequal access?
In the 2023 UAB experiment, the pig kidney began clearing this waste molecule immediately, showing true kidney function.
What is creatinine?
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Describe xenotransplantation.
What are transplanting living cells, tissues, or organs from one species to another?
How many days did Tim Andrews survive after recieving a porcine kidney?
What is 271 days?
Xenotransplant patients may be required to report all sexual partners and close contacts due to infection risk. This makes their agreement function less like consent and more like this type of binding obligation.
What is a contract?
In 2025, the FDA approved early human trials using eGenesis pigs containing this many edits to delete porcine viruses alone.
What is 59 edits?
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