Reactions
Name the theory that explains why chemical reactions occur. What 3 things are required for a chemical reaction to occur?
Collision theory:
particles must collide with correct orientation and enough energy to break existing bonds (activation energy)
In the Periodic Table, what are periods and groups?
periods are horizontal, while groups are vertical.
What are the 3 types of bonding we have covered in Y10?
ionic, metallic & covalent
Charge of the calcium ion.
2+
Ionic compounds are the __________________ type of bond
strongest
Balance the following equation:
__Al + __HCl → __AlCl3 +__H2
Name the type of the reaction
Coefficients: 2, 6, 2, 3
single-displacement
What do elements in the same group have in common? List at least 2 things.
same # of electrons in the valence shell
similar chemical properties
In ionic compounds, the valence electrons are shared between the ions. True or false?
False.
Iodine forms this type of ion
Anion
An ionic compound is made of a ___________ and _____________
metal & non-metal
What is the differences between a combustion and single-displacement reaction? List at least 2.
Combustion: oxygen required, products are usually carbon dioxide and water, energy is always released
single-displacement: element displaces another, new compound is formed, energy isn't always released.
Considering the elements up to atomic number 20, explain how to determine an element's valence electrons from the periodic table.
By looking at the last/single digit of the group number.
What type of a bond holds a non-metal diatomic molecule together?
Covalent
When naming anions the ending is changed to what?
-ide
Does magnesium gain or lose electrons when ionizing?
Lose!
Balance & name the type of reaction:
_BaCl2+ __Na2SO4 → __BaSO4 + __NaCl
Coefficients: 1, 1, 1, 2
precipitation reaction/double displacement
Explain why elements in the same period have different chemical properties.
similarity: same number of electron shells
difference: varying number of valence electrons
chemical reactivity is linked to the # of valence electrons
Which pair of elements is most likely to form an ionic bond?
A. 2,8,3 and 2,8,4
B. 2,8,1 and 2,8,8
C. 2,8,1 and 2,8,7
D. 2,8,7 and 2,8,8
C
What is the name of a magnesium ion?
Magnesium
How many electrons does nitrogen gain when it ionises?
3
Given the following reaction:
__Pb(NO3)2 +__KI ->
Determine the charges of all ions
Identify the products & balance the charges
Name the type of the reaction
Charges: Pb²⁺, NO₃⁻, K⁺, I⁻
Pb(NO3)2 +2KI → PbI2 + 2KNO3
double-displacement
Which group contains the most reactive metals? Name that group.
Use two metals from that group and compare their reactivity
Group 1, alkali metals.
Difference in # of electrons
Atoms with greater # of shells (more energy contained) with the valent shell further away from the nucleus (less energy holding the electrons) react more violently.
Unlike in ionic compounds where the electrons are transferred, in covalent bonds the electrons are _________ .
In a covalent bond, both atoms contribute an electron to the outer shell. True or false?
Shared. True.
Explain the difference between the ions chloride and chlorite
monoatomic vs polyatomic
without vs with oxygen
What is the name of an insoluble ionic compound formed from two solutions?
Precipitate