Cell Structure, Transport, Stem Cells & Specialised Cells
A cell contains ribosomes, cytoplasm and a cell membrane but no nucleus. What type of cell is it?
Prokaryote
Which nutrient would show a positive Biuret test?
Protein
Which blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
Artery
A hormone and a nerve impulse both trigger responses. Which one generally produces the slower response?
hormone
A patient's urine contains glucose, but their blood glucose concentration is unusually high. Which kidney process has most likely reached its maximum rate?
Selective reabsorption
A plant cell is placed in distilled water and its volume does not increase indefinitely. Which structure prevents bursting?
Cell wall
A food contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio close to 1:2:1. Which biological molecule is most likely present?
Carbohydrate
Which component of blood transports most carbon dioxide?
Plasma
A person cannot focus on nearby objects. Which structure is most likely malfunctioning?
Ciliary muscles
A person drinks several litres of water in a short period. Which hormone's secretion decreases first?
ADH
A cell absorbs glucose even though its internal glucose concentration is already higher than outside. Which process is occurring?
Active transport
Why do lipids store more energy per gram than carbohydrates?
More hydrogen atoms
A patient has fewer red blood cells than normal. Which function is most affected?
Oxygen transport
A receptor detects a stimulus but no response occurs. Which structure could be damaged while the receptor remains functional?
Effector
A kidney tubule suddenly becomes impermeable to water. Which change would most likely occur in the urine?
More dilute urine
A root hair cell and a palisade cell contain identical DNA but have different structures. Why?
Different genes are expressed
A person eats insufficient protein but enough carbohydrates and lipids. Which biological process is most directly affected?
Growth
Blood pressure in the aorta is much higher than in the vena cava. Which vessel feature helps withstand this pressure?
Thicker elastic wall
A plant is illuminated equally from all directions but placed on its side. The shoot bends while the root remains in darkness. Which hormone redistribution is responsible for the shoot's response?
Auxin accumulates on the lower side
A person loses large amounts of water through sweating but little salt. What immediate change would stimulate increased ADH release?
lower blood water potential
A stem cell becomes a neurone. Which process has occurred?
Differentiation
What are the two roles of bile?
Neutralise acid and emulsify fat
An athlete has a high cardiac output despite a low resting heart rate. What must be true of each heartbeat?
Higher stroke volume
Two identical seedlings are exposed to light from one side. One bends toward the light, while the other grows straight upward. Investigation shows that both produce auxin normally. Which structure is most likely damaged in the second seedling?
The shoot tip
A patient undergoing dialysis has normal blood glucose levels before treatment. The dialysis fluid therefore contains glucose at the same concentration as the patient's blood. Why is glucose included in the dialysis fluid?
To prevent net diffusion of glucose from the blood