Congress
In 1913, the 17th amendment called for the direct election of these people.
Senators
This President expanded the role of the national government with his New Deal programs.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
SOP stands for this
Standard operating procedure
This case established judicial review and the role of the Supreme Court in interpreting the Constitution.
Marbury v. Madison
When a group of nations work together to solve a conflict.
Multilateral action
The term used for funding in appropriations bills meant or local projects.
Earmarks
Part of the Constitution that grants "executive power" to the President; it is vague and subject to interpretation
Vesting clause
This strengthened political parties, but placed individuals in positions for which they were not qualified.
Spoils system
Cases with original jurisdiction go directly here
The Supreme Court
Foreign policy that argues that a country needs to be more involved in world affairs to keep peace.
Internationalism
Committee chair positions are awarded based on this.
Seniority
This document says the President has to notify Congress within 48 hours of committing troops to hostile territories.
War Powers Resolution
Those in senior positions in the bureaucracy typically got their positions this way.
Political appointees/appointed
The term for the courts using past rulings to determine current cases
Precedent
This Soviet leader hlped thaw US-Soviet relations during the Cold War.
Mikhail Gorbachev
Shared demographic traits between legislators and constituents.
Descriptive representation
This executive branch organization is most directly responsible for helping the President achieve policy initiatives.
Executive Office of the President (EOP)
This causes issues such as red-tape, inefficiency, and not working toward goals of the administration.
The problem of control
About 95% of Court Cases use this method for convictions rather than trials.
Plea bargaining
Military leaders do not make foreign policy, but they are responsible for implementing it.
Civilian control
The role of committees is to provide specialized information and expertise.
Informational theory
When the President says that their discussions, decisions, and documents are private and do not have to be shared with the other branches of government.
Executive Privilege
The bureaucracy is also known as this because its primary responsibility is implementing government policies.
When a plaintiff in court has a direct, personal stake in the case, it is called this
Standing
If Secretary of State Marco Rubio travels between Russia and Ukraine to try to negotiate a peace deal, this is called...
Shuttle diplomacy