Schizophrenia
Characterised by acute, positive symptoms and is more likely to be cured
Type 1 Scz
Pioneering forensic psychologist in UK
David Canter
Genes vs Environment
Nature vs Nurture
Working out the characteristics of an offender by examining the characteristics of the crime and the crime scene.
Offender profiling
Attempts to generalise people vs uniqueness
Uses objective knowledge vs Subjective experiences
Quantitative vs Qualitative
Nomothetic vs Idiographic
- the two main types of antipsychotics used to treat Scz symptoms.
Typical & Atypical
Investigative psychology, geographical profiling, Jeopardy surface
David Canter's contributions to Forensic Psychology
Exaggerates gender differences / ignores or minimises gender differences
Alpha bias / Beta bias
Sutherland’s (1939) explanation offending behaviour
Differential association theory
Most of the criminals in these studies have been diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD). _______ has discovered that these individuals have reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex of the brain, the part of the brain that regulates emotional behavior.
Raine
Ahnedonia, speech poverty (Alogia), affective flattening, social withdrawal, catatonic behaviour etc. that are more likely to be chronic
Type 2 symptoms (negative)
a data driven approach where statistics are used to produce predictions about likely characteristics of an offender.
The focus on one specific culture, or the lack of consideration for others
Ethnocentrism
Predisposition to condition + environmental trigger
Diathesis-stress model
found that adopted children who had a biological parent with a criminal record had a 50% greater risk of having a criminal record before the age of 18. Adopted children who did not have a biological parent with a criminal record only had a 5% risk
Crowe (1972)
Classification systems used for Scz
ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases) -UK
DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistic Manual 5) - USA
Criminal geographic testing (aka jeopardy surface) and circle theory are both aspects of this Offender profiling technique
Geographical profiling
Psychodynamic vs Humanistic
Determinism vs Free Will
MAOA (lack of metabolism = increased dopamine) and CDH13 (decreased levels of serotonin = decreased ability to resist impulses) genes
Genetic explanations for offending behaviours
Arsenal
Who are the leaders of the prem?
Culture, Gender, Symptom overlap, comorbidity
Factors affecting the reliability and validity of the classification and diagnosis of scz
The reliance on the detectives intuition; AKA crime scene analysis
Top-down approach
Participant harm, debriefing, right to withdraw, deception etc.
Ethical issues
longitudinal study on 1000 people. Assessed them at age 26 for anti-social behaviour and found that 12% with low MAOA genes were maltreated as children and were responsible for 44% of violent crimes.
Caspi et al (2002)
1/4 pounder w/cheese meal
lge coke no ice
double cheese burger
WOtD if necessary
Mr. Webber's typical mcdonalds order