Population Basics
What do we call the average number of people living per square kilometre?
Population density
Define birth rate
the number of births per 1,000 people per year
What does a population pyramid show?
The age and gender structure of a population.
What do we call people moving into a country?
Immigration
Has Earth's population doubled in the last 50 years?
Yes
What is the study of population size, structure, and change called?
Population dynamics
Define death rate.
the number of deaths per 1,000 people per year
Why might a pyramid have a wide base?
High birth rate and many young people.
What do we call people moving out of a country?
Emigration
Why is population distribution uneven around the world?
Bonus: give a specific example
Climate, resources, landforms, history, and economy.
What is fertility rate?
the average number of children born per woman
What term describes when the birth rate is higher than the death rate?
natural increase
Why might a pyramid have a narrow base?
Low birth rate or declining fertility.
What’s the difference between migration and natural increase?
Migration is movement of people; natural increase is births minus deaths.
Give one reason fertility rates are lower in developed countries.
Education, careers, family planning, cost of living, etc.
What is life expectancy?
the average number of years a newborn is expected to live
Give an example of a country experiencing natural decrease.
Japan, South Korea, Italy, Germany, etc
Why might a pyramid have more women than men in the 60+ age group?
Women tend to live longer (higher life expectancy)
What are some reasons that people may emigrate?
War, poverty, unemployment, natural disasters, etc.
What problems can arise in countries with very young populations?
Pressure on schools, jobs, housing, and healthcare.
Why is the replacement fertility rate slightly higher than 2?
Because not all children survive to adulthood and slightly more boys are born than girls (2.1 ensures replacement).
If a country has a birth rate of 20 and a death rate of 10, what is its rate of natural increase (per 1,000 people)?
10 per 1,000 (1%)
What could cause a bulge in one age group of a pyramid?
A baby boom, migration event, or war affecting one generation.
How can migration help countries with aging populations?
Immigrants can fill job shortages and support the working-age population.
Earth’s population is still growing. What problems can this lead to?
Bonus (200 points): What can cities do to prepare for this?
demand on resources, need for more land for housing and crops
Plan for sustainable housing, transport, water, food, and energy use.