Population
What graph shows the age and gender demographics of a population?
Population Pyramid
What continent is Russia in?
Europe (23%) and Asia (77%)
Name a conflict mineral
Columbite tantalite, gold, tin, tungsten etc
What three Ts have enabled globalisation to spread across the world?
Technology, transportation and (easier) trade
What is precipitation?
Any form of moisture that falls from the ground e.g. drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, hail
What does economically active mean?
People who are employed and part of the workforce
Where is Siberia? What is its climate like?
Siberia is a region in Russia, spanning the vast territory east of the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean.
Average temperatures in winter can plummet to as low as -25°C or even lower. Siberia experiences relatively low precipitation, with much of it falling as snow in the winter months.
Name a location which has experienced conflict over its minerals
Define globalisation
The increasing interconnectedness between places and people across the planet, established through trade, politics and cultural exchanges, and helped by technology and transport.
What does climate mean?
Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area, averaged over 30 years.
What factors contribute to a high birth rate and a youhtful population?
Cultural and religious beliefs that value large families, lack of access to contraception and family planning services, limited educational and economic opportunities for women, traditional gender roles that prioritize childbearing
What are Russia's main exports?
Russia's main exports include petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, metals (such as steel and aluminum), chemicals, machinery, weapons, and agricultural products (such as wheat).
What is a conflict mineral?
Minerals mined in regions where armed conflict and human rights abuses occur.
Explain a positive impact of globalisation
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Name 3 biomes
Tropical rainforest, tropical savanna, desert, grassland, temperate forest, taiga, tundra, Mediterranean, wetlands, marine
What factors have led to an ageing population?
Declining birth rates, improved healthcare leading to longer life expectancy, advancements in medical technology, better nutrition, increased access to education and employment opportunities for women
Describe the terrain of Russia
The country is home to the Ural Mountains, which separate the European and Asian regions, as well as the vast Siberian plains and the rugged landscapes of the Russian Far East. Numerous rivers, including the Volga, Lena, and Yenisei, traverse the landscape, while the country's extensive coastline borders the Arctic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and the Baltic and Black Seas.
Why is columbite tantalite lucrative?
- It is essential for small electronics, so it is in high demand
- Coltan mines are relatively rare, so limited availability makes the price rise
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Briefly describe the process of relief rainfall
Relief rainfall occurs when moist air is forced to rise over elevated terrain, such as mountains. As the air rises, it cools and condenses, leading to the formation of clouds and precipitation.
Outline the information a population pyramid shows
- Age distribution
- Gender
- Population size: the width of the bars shows the proportion of individuals in an age group
- The overall shape of the pyramid can reveal trends such as population growth or decline
How can Russia's development be hindered by its Geography? Give 2 reasons!
- Harsh Climate in Siberia make infrastructure development and transportation challenging.
- Russia's vast size means infrastructure projects are costly and span long distances.
- Much of Russia's coastline is frozen for a significant portion of the year, limiting access to warm water ports and hindering maritime trade.
- Mountain ranges and dense forests in some regions can hinder transportation and communication networks
Why can conflict minerals cause conflict?
- Competition over lucrative resources to gain profit
- The trade of conflict minerals can fuel armed conflict by providing rebel groups with a source of funding for weapons/military activity
- A small elite profit, leaving local communities impoverished, leading to social unrest
What is cultural diffusion?
The rapid and widespread exchange of cultural ideas, beliefs, customs, and practices between different societies and nations around the world. This occurs due to increased interconnectedness and communication facilitated by advancements in technology, transportation, and trade
What is the rain shadow?
A rain shadow is a dry area on the leeward side of a mountain, which receives significantly less rainfall than the windward side due to the blocking of moisture by the mountain. As moist air rises over the mountain, it cools and releases precipitation, leaving little moisture for the descending air on the opposite side, creating the rain shadow effect.