Radioactivity
This type of radiation consists of helium nuclei and is the least penetrating.
What is alpha radiation?
This term describes the maintenance of a constant internal environment in the body.
What is homeostasis?
This is a microorganism that causes disease in humans, animals, or plants.
What is a pathogen?
This type of digestion breaks food into smaller pieces without changing its chemical structure.
What is physical digestion?
This organ is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood.
What are the lungs?
This organ pumps blood throughout the body.
What is the heart?
When light reflects off a surface, this line is drawn perpendicular to the surface at the point of reflection.
What is the normal?"
This happens when a solid changes to a liquid by gaining energy.
What is melting?
This type of electricity forms when electrons are transferred from one object to another.
What is static electricity?
This type of substance turns blue litmus paper red and reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas.
What is an acid?
This is another name for atomic number.
What is the proton number?
This type of bond is formed when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms.
What is a covalent bond?
This type of reaction transfers thermal energy to the surroundings, increasing their temperature.
What is an exothermic reaction?
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The time taken for half of the nuclei in a radioactive sample to decay is called this.
What is half-life?
This part of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord.
What is the central nervous system (CNS)?
These diseases can spread from one host to another, either directly or indirectly.
What are transmissible diseases?
This organ produces bile, which helps digest fats
What is the liver?
These tiny air sacs in the lungs provide a large surface area for gas exchange.
What are alveoli?
These blood vessels carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
What are arteries?
This is the change in direction of light as it passes from one medium to another.
What is refraction?
This type of heat transfer occurs in solids due to vibrations of particles passing energy to neighbors.
What is conduction?
The unit used to measure electric charge.
What is the coulomb?
This reaction between an acid and an alkali produces these two products.
What are a salt and water?
This term describes atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
What are isotopes?
The strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions forms this type of bond.
What is an ionic bond?
This term refers to the minimum energy that particles must have to successfully collide and react.
What is activation energy?
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This type of radiation is highly penetrating and can be used to sterilize medical equipment.
What is gamma radiation?
This chemical substance is produced by glands and transported in the blood to target organs to alter their activity.
What is a hormone?
This body defense traps pathogens before they enter the respiratory system.
What is mucus?
The enzyme that breaks down starch into simple sugars.
What is amylase?
This muscle contracts and flattens to increase the volume of the chest cavity during inhalation.
What is the diaphragm?
This type of blood cell carries oxygen to body tissues and contains haemoglobin.
What are red blood cells?
This happens when the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle, and all the light is reflected back into the medium.
What is total internal reflection?
The black or dull surfaces of objects are better at doing this with thermal radiation compared to shiny surfaces.
What is absorbing and emitting radiation?
This property describes the ability of electrons to flow through metals.
What is electrical conduction?
In titration, this equipment is used to accurately add the acid or alkali to the solution being tested.
What is a burette?
These elements are found in Group VIII and are unreactive due to having a full outer shell of electrons.
What are noble gases?
This giant lattice structure is a regular arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions, such as in sodium chloride.
What is an ionic lattice?
This type of energy change occurs during a reaction where bonds are broken, requiring energy to be absorbed.
What is an endothermic process?
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This term describes the process where an unstable nucleus releases radiation to become more stable.
What is radioactive decay?
This reflex arc component detects a stimulus and sends a signal to the sensory neurone.
What is a receptor?
This process involves injecting weakened pathogens or their antigens to stimulate an immune response and provide long-term protection.
What is vaccination?
This deficiency disease is caused by a lack of vitamin C.
What is scurvy?
This term describes the process by which oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide is removed.
What is gas exchange?
The type of circulation in mammals where blood passes through the heart twice in one complete circuit.
What is double circulation?
This type of lens bends light rays inward to focus them at a single point.
What is a converging/convex lens?
This process explains how warmer, less dense air or liquid rises, while cooler, denser air or liquid sinks.
What is convection?
This formula relates current, charge, and time: I = Q/t
What is the equation for electric current?
This indicator turns red in acidic conditions and yellow in alkaline conditions.
What is methyl orange?
This part of the atom is located in the nucleus, has no charge, and contributes to the mass number.
What is a neutron?
This allotrope of carbon has a giant covalent structure and is used in cutting tools because of its hardness.
What is diamond?
Increasing this factor in solutions causes particles to collide more frequently, increasing the rate of reaction.
What is the concentration?
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This type of detector can measure the ionizing radiation emitted by a radioactive source.
What is a Geiger-Müller (GM) tube or counter?
This process helps regulate conditions in the body by reversing changes that occur.
What is negative feedback?"
These proteins bind to specific antigens on pathogens, marking them for destruction or directly destroying them.
What are antibodies?
This process moves nutrients from the small intestine into the blood.
What is absorption?"
An increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the blood is detected by the brain, leading to this response.
What is an increased rate and/or depth of breathing?
These vessels have thin walls that allow the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients between blood and tissues.
What are capillaries?
The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to its speed in another medium is called this.
What is the refractive index?
Evaporation cools a liquid because particles with this property escape first.
What is higher energy?
This safety device protects electrical circuits by breaking the circuit if the current becomes too high.
What is a fuse or trip switch?
This type of oxide reacts with both acids and bases to form salts.
What is an amphoteric oxide?
This configuration of electrons corresponds to an element with the proton number 11.
What is 2,8,1 (sodium)?
This type of bonding involves a ‘sea’ of delocalized electrons surrounding positive metal ions.
What is metallic bonding?
This is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction, affecting the activation energy and reaction rate.
What is lowering the activation energy and/or increasing the reaction rate?"
It means "to attach" & contains a synonym for "to repair
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