the 1916 Revolt
What were the reasons of the 1916 protest?
WW1 (the Tsarist Decree), strengthening of colonial oppression (pressure), growth of taxes, withdrawal of land from the Kazakhs.
What was the February Revolution?
A major protest in Russia in Feb-March, 1917, where people were unhappy with food shortages, the war, and the Tsar’s rule. Huge demonstrations and strikes forced Tsar Nicholas II to give up his throne. After this, Russia got a Provisional government instead of an Emperor.
A group of people with similar opinions, that seeks to influence the life in a country by getting its candidates elected to public office (office that manages the state)
A political party
When was the Soviet power established in Kazakhstan?
Between October 1917 and March 1918
What is Autonomy?
The right of an organisation, country, or region to govern itself within a bigger state (autonomy is not full independence)
How many people were supposed to join the Russian Army?
It was planned to take 500,000 Kazakhs
What was the October Revolution?
The Bolsheviks took control of the government in Russia in 1917. They overthrew the Provisional Government because they wanted to end the war and give more power to workers and peasants.
Who was the head of the Alash party?
Alikhan Bokeikhanov
What was the Civil War, and when did it take place?
An armed conflict fought between the Whites and the Reds, who disagreed about how the country should be governed. In Russia, after the revolutions, the war took place between 1918 and 1920.
What was the TERRITORY of the Alash Autonomy, which existed from December 1917 until March 1920?
All of Kazakhstan, except for the southern part and Zhetysu.
Who participated in the uprising?
Sharua (Kazakh peasants )
What was the Provisional Government, and when did it exist?
It was a transitional government, is an emergency governmental office formed to manage a political transition. Existed from March 1917 till the end of October 1917 in Russia.
When and where was the Alash Party formed?
The 'Alash' Party was formed in July 1917 at the First All-Kazakh Congress in Orenburg. Alash aimed to represent Kazakhstan in the Russian government and fight for the rights of Kazakhs.
What was War Communism?
A plan used by the Bolsheviks during the Civil War from 1918 to 1920. The government took control of factories, farms, and food to make sure the army and cities had enough supplies. It was a strict policy, and many people had to give their food and goods to the state.
What was the CAPITAL of the Alash Autonomy, which existed from December 1917 until March 1920?
Semei (East Kazakhstan)
Who were the leaders of the revolt?
Amangeldy Imanov (Torgai centre) and Tokash Bokin (Zhetysu centre)
What is Autocracy?
A type of government where a single person or a small group has unlimited power. Before 1917, Russia was an autocratic country.
When and where was the Alash Autonomy (Government) formed?
The 'Alash' Government was formed in December 1917 at the Second All-Kazakh Congress in Orenburg.
What was KirRevCom?
Kirghiz Revolutionary Committee, was a Soviet government in Kazakhstan during the years of the Civil War (it was formed to manage the country during the Civil War). The committee, which was formed in July 1919, worked to spread communist ideas.
What was the TERRITORY of the Turkestan Autonomy, which existed from November 1917 until February 1918?
Southern Kazakhstan and Zhetysu (Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan)
What was the result of the uprising?
The protest was suppressed, more than 300,000 Kazakhs pursued by the Russian Empire, moved to China. The exact number of deaths is still unknown, numbers may reach up to 100,000 people.
When was the Diarchy period in Russia, when the Soviets and the Provisional Government ruled the state?
From March 1917 until October 1917
What was the motto (slogan) of the Alash Party?
‘Liberation of Kazakh people from the colonial oppression!’
When did the famine occur as a result of the War Communism policy and severe droughts?
1919 - 1921
Which Kazakh intellectual was an active member of the Turkestan Autonomy government?
Mustafa Shokay