Yale Bowles' DNA Transcription & Translation (PART I)

DNA T&T A

100

The process of _________ takes place in the cytoplasm in prokaryotes and in nucleus in eukaryotes.

Transcription

200

The ____________ undergoes extensive processing before it is ready to be translated.

eukaryotic pre-mRNA

300

The ________ is made from the DNA template by using complementary base pairing rules and will become functional proteins.

mRNA strand

400

The _________ are structural RNA molecules that were transcribed from genes by RNA polymerase III.

tRNAs

500

The genetic code is__________.

Universal

DNA T&T B

100

__________ is the beginning of transcription. It occurs when the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to the promoter.

Initiation

200

A polymerase adds a string of approximately 200 A residues, called the __________

poly-A tail

300

What is the first mRNA processing step?

5′ capping

400

tRNAs need to interact with three factors:

1. They must be recognized by the correct aminoacyl synthetase.
2. They must be recognized by ribosomes.
3. They must bind to the correct sequence in mRNA.

500

Giovanni is researching how cells synthesize proteins during translation. Which of the following is responsible for telling our cells where the end of a polypeptide chain should be?

Responses

• anticodons
• methionine
• nonsense codons
• tRNA

nonsense codons

DNA T&T C

100

_________ is the addition of nucleotides to the mRNA strand.

Elongation

200

Eukaryotic genes are composed of ______, which correspond to protein-coding sequences

exons

300

The _________, or protein synthesis, involves the decoding of an mRNA message into a polypeptide product

process of translation

400

The formation of a protein via translation works almost like an assembly line. If during the assembly of a protein an amino acid fails to make it to the polypeptide chain to be attached then which of the following components is responsible?

Responses

• The mRNA
• The rRNA
• The tRNA
• The ribosome

The tRNA

500

 Translation requires the input of an ____________, ribosomes, tRNAs, and various enzym

 

MRNA template

DNA T&T D

100

 _______ is the ending of transcription and occurs when RNA polymerase crosses a stop sequence in the gene.

Termination

200

For pre-mRNA to become mRNA it must be processed. Which of the following is NOT a step in the processing of pre-mRNA to mRNA?

Responses

• The deletion of all the exons in the pre-mRNA
• The deletion of all introns in the pre-mRNA
• The addition of a 3’ cap to the beginning of the pre-mRNA
• The addition of a 5’ cap to the beginning of the pre-mRNA

The deletion of all the exons in the pre-mRNA

300

Translation requires the input of an ______________ , ribosomes, tRNAs, and various enzymatic factors.

mRNA template

400

 Scientists theorized that amino acids were encoded by_____________.

nucleotide triplets

500

n E. coli, this complex involves the small ________________.

30S ribosome, the mRNA template, initiation factors and a special initiator tRNA

DNA T&T E

100

The transcription of RNA from DNA takes place in several steps. In which step of transcription does RNA polymerase actively build the mRNA strand by attaching RNA bases to one another one by one by using the DNA as a template?

Responses

• Translation
• Initiation
• Termination
• Elongation

Elongation

200

________ protect(s) the pre-mRNA molecule.

The 3′ poly-A tail

300

A _______ is a complex macromolecule composed of structural and catalytic rRNAs, and many distinct polypeptides.

ribosome

400

  These nucleotide triplets are called ______________.

codons

500

During translation a ribosome will read the mRNA codon by codon. What phase of translation would the ribosome be in if reading the codon that codes for methionine?

Initiation