A
is the process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment survive and pass those adaptations onto their offspring more than those organisms that are less well adapted.
Natural selection
Natural selection, Darwin argued, was an inevitable outcome of three principles
First, most characteristics of organisms are inherited.
Second, more offspring are produced than are able to survive.
Third, offspring vary among each other in regard to their characteristics and those variations are inherited.
Darwin’s book, ______________, was published. His book outlined in considerable detail his arguments for gradual changes and adaptive survival by natural selection.
On the Origin of Species
___________provided multiple lines of evidence to support the idea of descent with modification. He did this by studying several species found on the Galapagos islands, such as finches, and noting how they adapted to different geographical regions over time.
Charles Darwin
Natural selection can only take place if there is
_________.
variation
a change in DNA, is the ultimate source of new alleles, or new genetic variation in any population.
Mutation
also leads to genetic diversity
Sexual reproduction
A heritable trait that helps the survival and reproduction of an organism in its present environment is called an
adaptation
When two species evolve in diverse directions from a common point, it is called _____________.
divergent evolution
This phenomenon is called_______________, where similar traits evolve independently in species that do not share a recent common ancestry.
convergent evolution
Darwin came up with the idea of natural selection because he noticed ________.
That some individuals of a species were more successful in a given environment than others.
A trait that increases the environmental fitness of an organism is called an _______
adaptation
A key observation of ________ was that species of organisms on different islands were clearly similar, yet had distinct differences.
Darwin
________ is recognized as the father of evolution but ________ also helped develop the idea.
response
Charles Darwin; Alfred Wallace
______provide solid evidence that organisms from the past are not the same as those found today, and fossils show a progression of evolution.
Fossils
the study of the development of the anatomy of an organism to its adult form.
Embryology
Over the past 4.6 billion years, all of the living organisms that exist today have come to be by a process referred to as evolution. All of the following are examples of physical evidence of evolution EXCEPT for which one?
Responses
Structures present in the embryos of frogs that are also present in the adult form.
The discovery of _________is quite possibly the most valuable piece of biological evidence that supports our theories of evolution today.
DNA
is the change in genetic composition of a population over time.
Evolution
Sally believes one of the common misconceptions about evolution which is that individuals themselves evolve. All of the following statements about the theory of evolution do not support her beliefs EXCEPT which one?
Responses
The theory of evolution is responsible for the origin of life on earth
Scientists studying shared anatomical features are looking at ________.
homologous structures
A common misconception about evolution is that ________.
environmental changes cause genetic mutations
Typically, islands are ________ for increased evolutionary pressures
an ideal setting
______________, or evolution on a small scale, is defined as a change in the frequency of gene variants.
Microevolution
The HMS Beagle was a sailing ship used by British explorers during the 1700s. Charles Darwin spent nearly 5 years aboard this ship as a naturalist looking for evidence of evolution. At the end of his trip Darwin wrote the book “On the Origin of Species”. Which of the following contributions did Darwin make to our knowledge of evolution?
Responses
Darwin proposed the idea of natural selection