Yale Bowles' Metabolic Pathways (part I)

Metabolic Pathways A

100

During the light reactions of photosynthesis, energy is provided by a molecule called__________.

adenosine triphosphate

200

Scientists refer to the measure of randomness or disorder within a system as___________.

entropy

300

High entropy means high disorder and_____________.

 low energy.

400

Remember that _________ require energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones and _________________release energy when complex molecules are broken down.

anabolic cellular pathways; catabolic pathways 

500

Martha runs marathons as a hobby. During each marathon her body relies on energy stored in her body’s cells to fuel her. As Martha’s body begins to break down carbohydrates and then lipids to release energy to move her muscles what is taking place?

• A catabolic reaction is taking place
• Osmosis is taking place 
• Homeostasis is taking place 
• An anabolic reaction is taking place 

A catabolic reaction is taking place

Metabolic Pathways B

100

A_________________ is a series of chemical reactions that takes a starting molecule and modifies it.

metabolic pathway

200

Energy associated with objects in motion is called_________.

kinetic energy

300

exergonic means?

 energy is exiting the system.

400

1.How is the energy associated with these chemical reactions quantified and expressed? 

2.How can the energy released from one reaction be compared to that of another reaction?

A measurement of free energy is used to quantify these energy transfers.

500

The first law of thermodynamics states that___________________________.

the total amount of energy in the universe is constant and conserved. (A.K.A) there has always been, and always will be, exactly the same amount of energy in the universe.

Metabolic Pathways C

100

____________ is composed of synthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism).

metabolism

200

Sasha works in a lab and is currently conducting an experiment which requires heat in order for the reaction to take place. The addition of heat into this reaction in order for it to take place signifies that this reaction is

  an endergonic reaction

300

If energy is released during a chemical reaction, then the change in free energy, signified as__________ will be a negative number.

 ∆G (delta G)

400

Thermodynamically, ___________ is defined as the energy transferred from one system to another that is not work.

 heat energy

500

he energy that was required to lift the wrecking ball did not disappear, but is now stored in the wrecking ball by virtue of its position and the force of gravity acting on it. This type of energy is called_________________.

 potential energy

Metabolic Pathways D

100

___________refers to the study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter.

Thermodynamics

200

A substance that helps a chemical reaction to occur is called a________.

catalyst

300

 An ___________ will not take place on its own without the addition of free energy.

endergonic reaction

400

Open and closed systems are complete opposites of one another. All of the following are examples of open systems EXCEPT which one?

• A human being breathing in oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide 
• A pot of pasta boiling on the stove with no lid 
• A pressure cooker 
• A fresh cup of hot coffee with no lid

A pressure cooker

500

Which of the following statements about the second law of thermodynamics is TRUE? 

• The second law of thermodynamics states that energy within the universe remains constant and is neither created nor destroyed, but transferred from one form to another. 
• The second law of thermodynamics states that every energy transfer or transformation decreases the entropy of the universe.
• The second law of thermodynamics states that with every energy transfer or transformation, the entropy of the universe remains the same.
• The second law of thermodynamics states that every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe.

The second law of thermodynamics states that every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe.

Metabolic Pathways E

100

some energy is lost as heat energy during_____________________.

 cellular metabolic reactions

200

Increasing the environmental temperature generally_____________________.

 increases reaction rates

300

Teresa is visiting a theme park today and plans to ride many of the rides. On which ride is Teresa exemplifying potential energy?

Responses

• Teresa slides down the waterfall on the log ride getting splashed along the way.
• Teresa spins around in the cups and saucers and goes faster and faster.
• Teresa is swung from side to side on the pirate ship that swings like a pendulum.
• Teresa stalls at the top of the rollercoaster for a few seconds as she anticipates the drop down the hill.

Teresa stalls at the top of the rollercoaster for a few seconds as she anticipates the drop down the hill.

400

If a chemical reaction absorbs energy rather than releases energy on balance, then the ∆G for that reaction will be

a positive value.

500

The laws of thermodynamics explain how energy moves within our universe. Which of the following does NOT support the First Law of Thermodynamics?

Responses

• An electric stove produces heat which boils the water on a stove
• When humans exercise energy stored in fat cells are destroyed.
•  The sun emits light energy which is absorbed by plants to carry out photosynthesis.
• When a lion eats a gazelle, it uses that energy obtained from meat to fuel its body.

When humans exercise energy stored in fat cells are destroyed