Anatomy & Physiology
The hyoid apparatus consists of _____,______,_____,_____,_____ and ________ is unpaired.
What are:
Stylohyoid
Epihyoid
Ceratohyoid
Basihyoid
Thyrohyoid
Mechanism of action for Macrocyclic lactone
1. Bind to Glutamte Gated chloride channels
2. Influx of Cl- into the cell
3. Causing paralysis and death
The amount of colostrum a calf should intake
10% of their body weight
3L within the first 2 hrs of birth
Infectious diseases of the cattle reproductive tract that cause abortions
* leptospirosis
* Campylobacter
* Salmonella Dublin
* Neospora Caninum
Atrial depolarization is linked with this wave in an ECG
What is:
* P wave
_____ open at -65mV to allow the influx of NA+ into the SA node to initiate depolarization
What are F-Channels
Macrocyclic lactones used to treat Dirofilaria immitis
* Ivermectin
* Moxedectin
* Milbemycin oxime
* Selamectin
Considerations for good housing of cows, horses, sheep
* Temperature
What is:
* Humidity
* Ventilation
* Lighting
*Stocking Density
* Cleaniness
Infectious diseases of Sheep reproductive tract that cause abortions:
What is:
* Chlamydophila
* Toxoplasma
* Campylobacter
* Salmonella
* Listerosis
The five freedoms include
What is:
1. Freedom from hunger and thirst
2. Freedom from Pain, Injury, Disease
3. Freedom from Discomfort
4. Freedom from Fear and distress
5. Freedom to express natural behaviors
Horomone that causes ovulation
What is LH
Drugs used for urinary incontinence (contracting sphincters)
What is:
*Phenylpropanolamine
*Oestrogen
Nutritional requirements are needed for a weaning calf
What is:
* Forage
* Concentrate
* Creep
* Water
Infectious agents affecting sheep that pose risk to pregnant women
* Chlamydophila abortus
* Toxoplasmosis
* Q-fever casued by Coxiella Burnetti
*Campylobacter
* Tick-Borne Disease
* Leptospirosis
Lungworm for each species:
Cat, Dog, Cow, Horse, Sheep
Cat: Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
Dog: Angiostrongylus vasorum
Cow: Dictylocaulus viviparus
Horse: Dictylocaulus arnfieldi
Sheep: Dictylocaulus filaria
Glucagon concentrations would ________ if a patient has Diabetes Mellitus
What is increase?
This emetic binds to alpha-2 adrenoreceptors to induce vomiting in cats
Xyalzine
Appropriate measures should be taken when weaning a puppy
What is:
* starting at 3-4 weeks
* Gradual introduction to solid food
* Feeding little and often
* Wide and Shallow bowl
* Suitable puppy food
* Use soft/ soaked food
* Access to water
Definitive host for toxoplasma gondii
Cats
Common causes for PUPD
* Diabetes Mellitus
* Hyperadrenocortisim (Cushing's)
* Chronic Kidney Disease
* Hypercalcaemia
* Liver Disease
* Glucocorticoids
* High Salt and protein diet
To calculate net GFR
what is net filtration= Glomerular hydrostatic pressure- Bowman's hydrostatic pressure- Glomerular colloid Oncotic pressure
Major classes of anthelmintics of cats and dogs include
* Benzimidazoles
* Macrocyclic lactones
* Pyrimidines
* Acylated quinoline pyrazines (Praziquantel)
Rabbits nutritional requirements include
What is:
* high fibre
* Caecotrophy
How do Toxocara canis and cati differ (in terms of transmission
Toxocara canis: Transplacentary and Transmammary
Toxocara felis: Transmammary
This parasite invades and affects Pig GIT and is infective at L1 and highly zoonotic
Trichanella Spiralis