Atoms
This sub-atomic particle has a positive charge.
a proton
What are valence electrons?
Electrons that are on the outermost layer of an atom.
What's an anion?
negative ion.
What is the total charge if an ion has 3 protons and 2 electrons?
1+
What effect does increasing the temperature have on the rate of a chemical reaction?
A) It decreases the energy of the particles
B) It increases the number of collisions and energy of particles
C) It reduces the number of reactants
D) It makes particles move slower
B) It increases the number of collisions and energy of particles
This sub-atomic particle has a negative charge.
An electron
How many valence electrons does a Sodium (Na) atom have?
1 ve
What's a cation?
positive ion
What is the total charge if an ion has 8 protons and 10 electrons?
-2
What does a catalyst do in a chemical reaction?
A) Increases the temperature
B) Speeds up the reaction by lowering activation energy
C) Adds more particles
D) Makes particles move slower
B – Catalysts speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy without being used up.
Both protons and neutrons can be found in here.
The nucleus
How many valence electrons does a Magnesium (Mg) have?
2 ve
Is Na+ a cation or anion?
cation
What is the formula for Potassium bromide?
KBr
Which of the following changes will increase the frequency of collisions between particles in a reaction?
A) Cooling the reaction mixture
B) Decreasing the pressure (for gases)
C) Increasing the concentration of a reactant
D) Diluting the solution
C – A higher concentration means more particles per volume = more collisions.
The place where electrons are found.
What are energy levels/electron orbitals?
How many valence electrons does a Fluorine (F) have?
7 ve
Is Br- a cation or anion?
anion
What is the chemical formula for Magnesium Fluoride?
MgF2
A student reacts marble chips (CaCO₃) with hydrochloric acid. They try the experiment twice: once with whole chips and once with powdered marble.
Which will react faster, and why?
A) Powdered marble, because it has less mass
B) Whole chips, because they last longer
C) Powdered marble, because it has a larger surface area
D) Whole chips, because they are denser
C – Powdered marble has a greater surface area, allowing for more collisions.
What are the 3 subatomic particles that make up an atom?
protons, neutrons, and electrons
How many valence electrons do all atoms want to have?
8 ve
If an atom LOSES an electron, will it become positive or negative?
positive (cation)
What is the chemical formula for Sodium Carbonate?
Na2CO3
Explain how increasing temperature affects both the frequency and energy of collisions between particles in a reaction.
Increasing temperature makes particles move faster, leading to more frequent collisions. It also gives particles more energy, so more collisions have enough energy to overcome activation energy and react.