Year 10 Chemistry revision

Atomic structure

100

Name the three types of subatomic particles.

protons

neutrons

electrons

200

If an element has an atomic number of 7 and a mass number of 15, how many protons, neutrons and electrons does it have?

7 protons

7 electrons

8 neutrons

300

Determine the electron configuration of phosphorus (P). You can use your periodic table.

Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15 so its configuration is 2,8,5

400

How many valence electrons does Neon have and why is this significant?

Neon has 8 valence electrons which makes its outer shell full. This is significant as it means the element is unreactive - it does not need to bond with another atom to be stable.

500

Identify an element with similar chemical properties to fluorine and explain what it is about their atomic structure that explains these similarities.

Any element from the same group (group 7 - halogens) would have similar chemical properties as its the number of valence shell electrons that determines how elements react. This could be Cl, Br, I

Periodic table

100

The periodic table is arranged in order of increasing....?

atomic number

200

Group 7 halogens consist of metals or non-metals?

Non-metals

300

Describe what happens to atomic radii as you move down a group of the periodic table.

atomic radius increases (because extra electron shells are added - the period represents the number of electron shells)

400

Identify the element that is shiny (lustrous) when sanded, has a high melting point, conducts electricity, and is from period 3, group 2.

Magnesium

500

Identify which of the following elements from the same periodic of the periodic table is more electronegative: Lithium or Oxygen

Oxygen (both elements have the same number of electron shells but oxygen has a slightly smaller radius due to having more protons than lithium thus the protons can attract electrons more easily)

Ions and bonding

100

Group 2 alkali earth metals would form an ion with what charge?

2+

200

Write the ion to represent Nitrogen (N). You may use your periodic table.

N^3-

300

Describe 2 properties of ionic compounds like salt (NaCl)

hard

high melting point

brittle

conducts electricity only when molten or aqueous

400

Write the ionic formula for the compound formed between the ions Ba²⁺ and F^-

BaF₂

500

Determine the correct ionic formula for potassium sulfate 

Sulfate = SO₄^2-

K₂SO₄

Types of reactions

100

Name 3 different types (classifications) of reactions.

Combination (composition)

Decomposition

Single displacement

Double displacement or precipitation

200

1. The production of ammonia (NH₃) from nitrogen (N₂) and hydrogen (H₂) gas would be classified as what type of reaction? 

2. Why is ammonia useful?

combination or composition

fertilizer

300

When hydrogen gas reacts with oxygen gas in a combination reaction, water gas is formed. Write the equation in words, including states of matter.

hydrogen (g) + oxygen (g) --> water (g)

400

Explain why adding zinc or magnesium to a piece of iron helps to prevent the rusting of iron.

Zinc and magnesium are both more reactive metals than iron. This means they react preferentially with oxygen/ water and oxidise instead, thus leaving the iron protected.

500

Write the formula equation for the precipitation reaction between silver (I) nitrate and sodium chloride, knowing that all cations with nitrate are soluble.

AgNO₃(aq) + NaCl(aq) --> AgCl(s) + NaNO₃(aq)

Rates of reaction

100

Name one factor that affects rate of reaction.

concentration

pressure

temperature

catalyst

surface area

200

Describe collision theory.

Collision theory states that for a reaction to be successful, the reactant particles must collide, with sufficient energy and at the correct orientation.

300

Give an example of a catalyst or enzyme and the reaction it catalyses.

Liver enzyme or manganese dioxide catalyse the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

Acid catalyses the decomposition of water.

UV light catalyses photosynthesis.

400

Explain why increasing pressure is a way to increase the rate at which ammonia forms from nitrogen and hydrogen gas.

Pressure will only affect reactions involving gases. Since this combination reaction involves gas reactants, increasing the pressure increases the likelihood of the reactant gases colliding, thus increases the rate of ammonia production.

500

Explain how increasing temperature results in an increased reaction rate.

Temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy. When the kinetic energy of particles increases, the particles are moving faster, thus there will be more collisions, plus they are likely to have sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy.