Covalent Bonds
What is a covalent bond?
A chemical bond where two non-metal atoms share electrons.
What is an ionic bond?
A chemical bond formed through the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal.
What does the atomic number represent?
The number of protons/electrons in an atom.
What are the three subatomic particles?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What are common properties of metals?
Lustrous, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity.
What type of elements form covalent bonds?
Non-metals
What ions do metals form?
Positive ions (cations).
What are groups in the periodic table?
Vertical columns that indicate elements with similar chemical properties.
Where are electrons located in an atom?
In energy levels or shells surrounding the nucleus.
What are common properties of non-metals?
Dull, brittle, and poor conductors of heat and electricity.
What is a molecule?
A group of atoms bonded together by covalent bonds.
What is a crystal lattice?
A repeating three-dimensional arrangement of ions in an ionic compound.
What are periods in the periodic table?
Horizontal rows that indicate the number of electron shells in atoms.
What is the charge of a neutron?
Neutral (no charge).
What are metalloids?
Elements with properties intermediate between metals and non-metals.
What is a double covalent bond?
A bond where two pairs of electrons are shared between atoms.
What is the formula for sodium chloride?
Where are metalloids located on the periodic table?
Along the zigzag line between metals and non-metals.
What determines the chemical properties of an element?
The number of valence electrons.
Why are metals good conductors?
Because of the presence of free-moving delocalized electrons.
When nitrogen bonds with itself does it form a single, double, or triple bond?
Triple bond
What's the chemical formula for aluminium oxide?
Al2O3
What is the significance of Group 18 elements?
They are noble gases with full valence electron shells, making them very stable.
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
How do the properties of metalloids make them useful in semiconductors?
Their intermediate conductivity allows control over electrical flow in devices.