Nutrition
What is a macronutrient? Give one example.
A nutrient the body needs in large amounts for energy, growth and repair. Example: carbohydrate, protein, fat.
List two functions of the skeletal system.
Any two: support, movement, protection of organs, blood cell production, mineral storage.
How many minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity should 13–17-year-olds do each day?
At least 60 minutes per day.
What is peer pressure?
Influence from people your own age (peers) that affects your decisions or behaviour.
What nutrient gives your body its main source of energy?
Carbohydrates
Name the five food groups in the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating.
Vegetables and legumes/beans; fruit; grain (cereal) foods; lean meats and alternatives; milk, yoghurt, cheese and alternatives.
Is the femur a long, short, flat, irregular, or sesamoid bone?
Long bone.
Name one physical, one social, and one mental benefit of regular physical activity.
Physical: improved fitness, stronger muscles/bones, reduced risk of disease.
Social: making friends, teamwork, social connections.
Mental: reduced stress, improved mood, better self-esteem.
True or False: Peer pressure can be positive or negative.
True.
True or False:
Wearing activewear does not count as physical activity.
True
What is the difference between a serving size and a portion size?
Serving size is the standard recommended amount (e.g. guidelines/label). Portion size is the amount a person actually chooses to eat in one sitting.
Name one major muscle in the upper body and one sport skill that uses it.
Example:
Biceps – used in a bicep curl or basketball chest pass
Triceps – used in a push-up or netball pass
Deltoids – used in an overhead serve in volleyball
(Any valid pair.)
Give one example of a personal barrier and one example of a social barrier to being active.
Personal: lack of time, low motivation, lack of confidence, injury.
Social: no support from friends/family, no one to exercise with, negative comments.
Define consent in the context of relationships
Consent is free, informed, clear, and ongoing agreement to something. It can be changed or withdrawn at any time.
What bone are you using when you nod your head yes?
Vertebrae / cervical vertebrae
Explain what energy balance means and give one consequence of long-term positive energy balance.
Energy balance is the relationship between energy intake (food/drink) and energy expenditure (BMR + activity). Long-term positive energy balance (intake > expenditure) can lead to weight gain and lifestyle diseases like type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease.
What type of joint is the knee, and how does it help in sport?
The knee is a hinge joint. It allows flexion and extension, helping with actions like running, jumping, squatting, and kicking.
What is a cultural influence on physical activity? Give one example.
A cultural influence is how traditions, beliefs, values or community norms affect activity. Example:
A culture that prioritises academic success over sport.
Cultural expectations about gender roles in sport.
A community where a particular sport is highly valued.
Give one example of a green flag and one example of a red flag in a relationship.
Green flag: respects boundaries, supports friendships, communicates openly.
Red flag: checking your phone without permission, controlling who you see, pressuring you to do things you’re not comfortable with.
What is the name of the muscle people always blame after leg day?
Quadriceps / Hamstrings
Why are fad diets often unsustainable? Give two reasons.
They are often very restrictive and hard to maintain long term.
They may cut out whole food groups, leading to nutrient deficiencies.
They often focus on quick fixes, not long-term behaviour change.
(Any two well-explained reasons.)
Using a specific sporting example, explain how bones, joints, and muscles work together to produce movement.
Example answer (basketball jump shot):
Bones: femur, tibia, fibula, humerus form the framework.
Joints: knee and ankle (hinge) and shoulder (ball-and-socket) allow movement.
Muscles: quadriceps and gluteals contract to extend the knee and hip for take-off; calf muscles plantarflex the ankle; deltoids and triceps lift and extend the arm to shoot.
Describe two strategies that could help a teenager increase their physical activity levels and explain why each would be effective.
Goal setting (e.g. walk 3 times per week) – provides direction and motivation.
Active transport (walking/riding to school) – builds activity into daily routine.
Reducing screen time – frees up time for movement.
Joining a team/club – social support and commitment.
(Any two with a clear explanation.)
Identify one online risk and one strategy to stay safe.
Online risk: cyberbullying, oversharing personal info, sending/receiving unsafe images, sharing location, strangers online.
Strategy: use privacy settings, block/report, avoid sharing personal info, talk to a trusted adult, think before posting
Finish the sentence:
“If it’s on the internet, it’s probably __________.”
Permanent
(Accept: forever / permanent / never really gone)