Physics
This law states that objects remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.
Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia)
Speed is calculated using these two quantities
Distance divide time
Name the three things required for combustion.
Fuel, Oxygen and Heat
Name two of Earth’s four major spheres.
Hydrosphere, Biosphere, Lithosphere, Atosphere
Name two greenhouse gas
Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and water vapour
Convert 18 km/h to m/s.
5 m/s
Is weight a scalar or vector quantity?
Vector
Magnesium reacting with Hydrochloric acid (HCl): is this an exothermic or endothermic reaction?
Exothermic
This type of combustion occurs when oxygen is limited.
Incomplete combustion
Name two indicators of climate change
Rising global temperatures, increased greenhouse gas emissions, ocean warming, sea levels rising, melting ice sheets/glaciers, increase in extreme weather events
Give an example of a scalar quantity and explain why it is not a vector.
Distance, mass, speed, time, temperature- have magnitude but not direction
Acceleration is measured in what unit?
m/s2
Write the word equation for combustion
fuel (hydrocarbon)+oxygen---- energy (heat/light) + carbon dioxide + water
What happens to atoms during a reaction?
they are rearranged by breaking/forming bonds
Name three scientific technique used to measure ancient climate data.
Ice cores, sediment cores, tree rings and fossils.
Distance-time graphs: If a graph becomes steeper, what is happening to the object's speed?
The objects speed is increasing.
A box is pushed to the right with 12 N and resisted by friction with 7 N. Calculate the net force.
If 50 g of reactants are used, what must be the mass of the products?
mass of products must be 50g (law of conservation of mass)
How does methane contribute to global warming?
It is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere. It is more potent than carbon dioxide. Comes from agriculture, burning fossil fuels and waste decomposition in landfills
Define Earth’s energy balance.
the equilibrium between the solar energy that the planet receives from the Sun and the energy that it radiates back into space. When this balance is maintained, Earth's temperature is relatively stable.
A 4000g object accelerates at 3 m/s². Calculate the force acting on it
12 N
Name two car safety feature that increases collision time to reduce force. Explain how.
Crumple zones and airbags
Give an example of a hydrocarbon: written name AND formula
methane: CH4
ethane: C2H6
propane: C3H8
Balance the following equation:
C3H8 + O2 ------ CO2 + H2O
C3H8 + 5O2 ------ 3CO2 + 4H2O
Explain how albedo contributes to current climate warming.
As the Earth warms, reflective ice and snow melt, exposing darker, heat-absorbing surfaces like the ocean or land. This lowers the planet's overall albedo (reflectivity), causing more sunlight to be absorbed and further accelerating warming and ice melt.