DNA, Genes and Chromosomes
What is the difference between a gene and a chromosome?
A gene is a section of DNA; a chromosome is a long strand of DNA containing many genes.
Which process produces identical body cells? Which produces Gametes?
Mitosis. Meiosis.
What does homozygous mean?
Having two identical alleles.
What is the main language spoken in Brazil?
Portuguese
Who proposed evolution by natural selection?
Charles Darwin
Why are chromosomes found in pairs in body cells?
One chromosome comes from each parent.
What does IPMAT stand for?
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
What is the genotype of a heterozygous individual for tall plants if tall = T?
Tt
What is the name of Harry Potter's owl?
Hedwig
According to Lamarckism, giraffes got long necks because they what?
Stretched/used their necks more.
If a body cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis?
46
How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?
4
If two heterozygous parents (Bb × Bb) have offspring, what percentage will be bb?
25%
What is the smallest country in the world?
Vatican City
What does “descent with modification” mean?
It means species change over generations as offspring inherit traits with small differences/modifications from their ancestors.
What is the difference between transcription and translation in protein synthesis?
Transcription is when DNA is copied into mRNA in the nucleus, while translation is when ribosomes use the mRNA instructions to build a protein.
What happens during anaphase of mitosis?
The sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
In a Tt × tt cross, what is the probability of heterozygous offspring?
Answer: 50%
Which athlete has won the most Olympic gold medals of all time?
Michael Phelps
Why is Lamarckism no longer accepted?
Acquired traits are not inherited genetically.
At the start of mitosis, a chromosome consists of two identical chromatids. What holds the chromatids together, and what happens to them during mitosis?
They are held together by a centromere, and during mitosis the chromatids separate to form identical chromosomes in daughter cells.
Why is meiosis important for variation?
It creates genetically different gametes through crossing over and random assortment.
If two unaffected parents have an affected child, is the trait most likely dominant or recessive?
Recessive
Which actor played the Joker in The Dark Knight and won a posthumous Oscar for the role?
Heath Ledger
Explain how natural selection can lead to evolution.
Helpful traits improve survival and reproduction, causing those traits to become more common over generations.