Understanding Health
Name 5 health status indicators
Life expectancy, U5MR, Morbidity, Mortality, Incidence, Prevalence, health adjusted life expectancy, Burden of Disease, Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)
Colin is 70 years old - identify the stage of the lifespan that Colin is in
late adulthood
what is the difference between macro and micro nutrients?
Macro nutrients - needed by the body in relatively large amounts
micro nutrients - needed by the body in small amounts
identify 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of the Biomedical model of health
Advantage: increases jobs in medical field, many common problems can be effectively treated, improves quality of life, extends life expectancy
Disadvantage: patient takes on a passive role, its expensive, time consuming, can only treat 1 patient at a time, doesn't fix the program over the long term
WHO definition of health
Health is a complete state of physical, social and mental wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
what are the 8 stages of the lifespan
prenatal, infancy, early childhood, late childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, late adulthood
what are the 4 types of fat and identify which ones are good/bad
Monounsaturated: good
Polyunsaturated: good
saturated: bad
trans: bad
What is the definition of health promotion?
Process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health.
choose 1 of the dimensions of health and give its definition
physical: effective functioning of the body and it's systems, and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness.
social: being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and cooperative way
mental: state of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community
spiritual: having compassion, the capacity for love and forgiveness, altruism, joy, and fulfilment
emotional: a positive sense of wellbeing which enables an individual to be able to function in society and meet the demands of everyday life
what is 1 difference between the youth stage of the lifespan and the late childhood stage?
- hormone growth due to puberty - become more self-conscious and self-aware
- growth in maturity as they go through high school and life experiences
describe 2 functions of water
- provides a balance in the body
- allows for the absorption of water-soluble vitamins
- transports nutrients to cells throughout the body
- helps with the excretion of waste products
- increases body's metabolism
identify which of these are interventions and which are diagnosis:
blood test, surgery, x-ray, plaster, ultrasound, pacemaker, speech pathology, mammogram
Intervention: surgery, plaster, pacemaker, speech pathology
Diagnosis: blood test, x-ray, ultrasound, mammogram
what do social determinants of health refer to?
aspects of society and the social environment that impact on health, such as poverty, early life experiences, social networks and support
what is the APGAR test and what does each letter stand for?
used to indicate how well the neonate is adapting to life outside the uterus - assessments are made at 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes immediately after birth.
A - appearance (body colour)
P - pulse (heart rate)
G - grimace (reflex irritability)
A - activity (muscle tone)
R - respiration
Pick 1 health issue and explain what it is
Diabetes, asthma, obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoporosis, smoking, drugs, alcohol consumption, eating disorder
Outline the difference between public health and health promotion
Public health: the science of protecting and improving the health of families and communities - moves beyond what individuals do and includes government action
Health promotion generally means encouraging a population to live healthier lives - the responsibility is on the individual
Identify one behavioural determinant of health which accounts for difference in life expectancy at birth between males and females and explain why it may account for this difference.
Tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, physical activity, dietary behaviour, sexual behaviours, vaccination status, risk-taking behaviour
identify and describe the process that marks the beginning of the lifespan
Fertilisation - occurs when in the fallopian tubes and occurs when a sperm penetrates an ovum and the genetic material fuse together to make a single cell called a zygote
Pick 2 dimensions of health and identify how smoking has an impact on those dimensions.
Physical: health risks - asthma, CVD, lung cancer, etc
Mental: gives immediate sense of relaxation but leads to withdrawal symptoms, increased cravings and anxiety/tensions
Social: if they get sick, they may be hospitalised and isolated from friends. friends may also be turned away from smoking.
Spiritual: may turn to God if they have a near death experience
Emotional: certain situations that cause stress - they turn to smoking rather than developing resilience
outline 2 of the 5 areas of the Ottawa Charter
Building Healthy Public Policy: government sectors as well as non-government sectors working together
Create Supportive Environments: health promotion generates living and working conditions that are safe, stimulating, satisfying and enjoyable
Strengthen Community Action: empowering communities, their ownership and control of their futures
Developing Personal Skills: providing information, education for health and enhancing life skills of individuals
Reorient Health Services: health services should support the needs of individuals and communities for healthier life