Biology
What process do plants use to make glucose?
Photosynthesis
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
7
What force keeps planets in orbit around the Sun?
Gravity
What layer of Earth do we live on?
The crust
What is the SI unit for mass?
Kilogram (kg)
What is the function of red blood cells?
To transport oxygen around the body
What type of bond forms between sodium and chlorine?
An ionic bond
What is the unit for electrical current?
Ampere (A)
What is the difference between weather and climate?
Weather is short-term atmospheric conditions; climate is long-term patterns
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative observations?
Qualitative observations are descriptive; quantitative observations involve measurements or numbers
Why do multicellular organisms require specialised cells?
Different functions are performed more efficiently by cells adapted for specific tasks
Name the reactants and products in a neutralisation reaction.
Reactants: acid and base. Products: salt and water.
Why does a passenger move forward when a bus suddenly stops?
Inertia causes the passenger's body to continue moving forward
During what geological period was the T-Rex alive?
Cretaceous
What is the difference between accuracy and reliability?
Accuracy is closeness to the true value; reliability is consistency of results.
Explain the difference between mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically different haploid cells
Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten but not solid?
Their ions can move freely when molten but are fixed in place when solid
A 60 kg student climbs a 5 m staircase. Calculate the increase in gravitational potential energy if GPE = mgh and g=9.8m/s2.
60 × 9.8 × 5 = 2940 J
How can volcanic eruptions affect climate?
Ash and sulfur dioxide can block sunlight and temporarily cool Earth.
Explain the difference between correlation and causation.
Correlation means two variables are related; causation means one directly causes the other.
Describe how osmosis differs from diffusion.
Osmosis is the movement of water through a partially permeable membrane, while diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration
Explain why fluorine is more reactive than chlorine.
Fluorine has fewer electron shells, so its nucleus attracts electrons more strongly
Explain how momentum is conserved in a collision
The total momentum before a collision equals the total momentum after the collision in a closed system
Name a mafic rock that is fine grained, black and has a high amount of pyroxene.
Basalt
Explain why scientific theories can change over time.
New evidence and improved technology can lead to revised explanations