2.1 The Water Cycle
2.2 pH and Salinity
2.3 Dissolved Gases
2.4 Density
Final Jeopardy
100
Describe what a solid is in terms of partciles, arrangement and behaviour
closely packed together, vibrating in fixed positions
100
Sea water is made of many substances that are not chemically joined, so it is described as this.
Mixture
100
Name the most abundant gas in the atmosphere and also the two gases from the atmosphere dissolve into the ocean and are essential for marine life.
Nitrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen
100
Density is defined as mass divided by this quantity.
Volume
100
This ocean phenomenon is influenced by temperature, salinity, and density, and helps drive the global movement of seawater.
thermohaline circulation /Global Ocean Conveyor Belt
200
Define Diffusion
particles moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down the concentration gradient
200
This term describes a solution that has a pH below 7.
Acidic
200
Compared to most gases, oxygen dissolves poorly in water. What is this property called?
Low solubility or dissolution
200
A sample of seawater has a mass of 210 g and a volume of 200 cm³. Calculate its density.
1.05 g/cm³
210/200 = 1.05
300
Name the change of state where liquid water becomes water vapour, and explain the energy change involved.
evaporation, where particles gain energy and move further apart
300
When carbon dioxide dissolves in seawater, the pH decreases. Explain why.
dissolved carbon dioxide forms carbonic acid, making the water more acidic lowering the ph
300
Which gas is more abundant in the atmosphere, and which is more abundant in seawater?
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
300
When water is heated, the particles move further apart. Explain how this affects its density.
the density decreases because the same mass now occupies a larger volume
400
Explain the differences in impact on sea level rise between melting land ice and melting sea ice.
Floating ice already displacing its own volume of water, while land ice adds new water voume/displacement to the ocean when it melts.
400
Salinity is often written in ppt. What does ppt stand for, and what does it measure?
parts per thousand, measuring the concentration of dissolved salts in water.
400
As water temperature increases, what happens to the amount of dissolved oxygen it can hold?
400
Name the two main environmental factors that increase the density of seawater and briefly explain how each one causes density to rise.
lower temperature making particles contract and pack closer together, and higher salinity adding more dissolved salts which increases the mass of the water without greatly increasing its volume
500
Draw the full water cycle using the terms evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and surface run-off, and describe two factors that increase the rate of evaporation from the oceans.
500
Define estuary. Also...At high tide, salinity in an estuary rises to 23 ppt, but at low tide it falls to 8 ppt. Explain why the salinity changes so much between tides.
a partially enclosed coastal body of water where freshwater from a river or stream meets and mixes with saltwater from the sea.
seawater moving into the estuary during high tide, increasing salinity, and river water dominating during low tide, reducing salinity
500
Sample C having the highest solubility because the water is cool and under higher pressure, which allows more oxygen to dissolve even though salinity is high, and Sample B having the lowest solubility because warm water and high salinity both reduce gas solubility and the sample is at surface pressure
500
Cylinder A being the densest because cold, salty water has the highest density, Cylinder C being less dense because freshwater has lower salinity, and Cylinder B being the least dense because warm water expands and becomes lighter, so it rises, causing convection currents as dense water sinks and warm water moves upward