Characteristics of Living Things
What is metabolism?
All the chemical reactions in our body.
This scientist developed the modern system of naming organisms using two names.
Carl Linnaeus
Organelles are parts of cells. True or false.
Name at least 2 polysaccharides of glucose.
1. Glycogen
2. Starch
3. Cellulose
In hypotonic solutions, plant cells become...?
Turgid.
During photosynthesis, oxygen is produced and released from the stomata. Which characteristic of life does this represent?
Excretion.
Viruses are not made from cells (acellular). True or false.
True.
Tissues are more complex than organs. True or false.
False.
This step must be done after adding Benedict’s solution in order to see the colour change.
heating the mixture in a water bath
Arrange the following leaf cells in order from the greatest to the fewest number of chloroplasts:
Guard cells, Palisade mesophyll cells, Spongy mesophyll cells
Palisade mesophyll cells > Spongy mesophyll cells > Guard cells
What is the difference between an eukaryote and prokaryote?
- Eukaryote = have nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- Prokaryote = no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles.
Malaria is caused by which organism? Which kingdom can you find this organism?
Plasmodium falciparum - Protoctist.
Which organelle exerts a pressure to maintain the shape of a plant cell? What do we call this pressure?
- Large (Central) Vacuole
- Turgor Pressure
What reagent is used to test for starch? What would the colour change be?
Iodine solution > blue-black color.
What are two differences between active and passive transport?
1. Passive transport moves from high to low concentration.
- Active transport moves from low to high.
2. Passive transport does not need energy from the cell.
- Active transport needs ATP.
What is respiration?
Chemical reaction where we get energy from food/glucose.
What is the type of animal body support structure that is found outside the body in insects and crabs and what it is made up of?
Exoskeleton - made of chitin,a strong polysaccharide that forms a hard protective outer covering.
These tiny structures in a cell read the genetic instructions from DNA to assemble amino acids into proteins.
Ribosomes.
What reagent is used to test for (a) protein and (b) lipids (fats)? What is the color change?
(a) Biuret solution > violet.
(b) Lipids > cloudy white emulsion
What are two differences between osmosis and diffusion?
1. Osmosis is the movement of water while diffusion is the movement of solutes.
2. Osmosis needs a partially permeable membrane (cell membrane) while diffusion does not always need it.
Why are viruses not considered living things?
- Cannot do MRS C GREN.
- Even if they can reproduce, they can't reproduce without a host.
Bacteria, fungi, and plants have cell walls. What are their cell walls made from?
- Bacteria = peptidoglycan
- Fungi = chitin
- Plants = cellulose.
Which organelle is involved in support and withstanding internal pressure in a plant cell?
Cell Wall.
What happens to enzymes above the optimum temperature?
Enzymes denature (lose their shape) > substrate can no longer fit in active site > less product produced.
What are the four factors that can increase the rate of diffusion?
1. High temperature
2. Large surface area (large surface area: volume ratio).
3. Short distance
4. Large concentration gradient.