Akhenaten Vocabulary
Egyptian Pharaoh who promoted worship of Aten.
Akhenaten
Alliance between Caesar, Pompey and Crassus.
Triumvirate
Who was Akhenaten's famous father?
Amenhotep III
Declared Dictator for life, then assassinated.
Julius Caesar
How did Akhenaten alter religion?
Traditional gods were suppressed, temples were closed, Aten made sole official deity.
River Caesar crossed to start civil war.
Rubicon
The sun disk deity worshipped during Akhenaten's reign.
Aten
Roman political body that feared Caesar's power.
The Senate
Who was Akhenaten's principal wife and queen?
Nefertiti
Military leader and members of the first Triumvirate.
Pompey
How did Akhenaten’s religious policies affect the power of the traditional priesthood?
He reduced their power by closing temples and redirecting wealth to Aten worship.
Who was Cleopatra’s ally in the civil war against Octavian?
Mark Antony.
Belief in single god, promoted by Akhenaten.
Monotheism
What is the meaning of Civil War in Roman history?
An internal conflict where Roman factions fought each other for political control.
Which of Akhenaten's children is believed to have ruled after his death?
Tutankhamun
What reform-minded brothers were killed for their attempts to help the poor, showing the violence in Roman politics?
The Gracchus brothers — Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
What happened to the city of Akhetaten (Amarna) after Akhenaten’s death?
It was abandoned and fell into ruin.
What did generals like Marius and Sulla do that was unusual?
They used their armies to fight for power in Rome.
Capital city built by Akhenaten.
Amarna (ancient Akhenaten)
What does Optimate mean?
A member of the political faction that supported the traditional power of the Senate and aristocracy.
Who was Akhenaten's mother, often called the "great royal wife"?
Queen Tiye
Who murdered Caesar?
group of senators (inc Brutus and Cassius)
What term do Egyptologists use to describe the period of Akhenaten’s rule, known for its unique art and religion?
The Amarna Period
What long-term problem did the use of private armies loyal to generals — not the Senate — cause for the Republic?
It undermined the Senate’s authority and encouraged civil wars.
What was Akhenaten's name at birth?
Amenhotep IV
What does the term Cursus Honorum describe?
The sequential order of public offices that aspiring politicians would hold in their career.
2
Kiya
Nefertiti
Considered wealthiest Roman, died in Parthia.
Crassus
What happened to Akhenaten after he died?
His memory was erased by pharaohs that followed (inc Tut). Erased monuments and attempted name. Restored religion to traditional structure.
What key political position, traditionally meant to protect the plebeians, did the Gracchus brothers use to push through their reforms?
Tribune of the Plebs