Skills
Calculate the distance, in km, if 5cm is measured on a 1:50 000 scale topographic map
2.5km
Describe the general world population trend since 1950
Increased over time but annual growth rate is declining.
Define EEZs
Exclusive economic zone - country controls 200 nautical miles of space perpendicular to the land it inhabits (or 370km :) )
Environmental impacts on Ukraine
Kahovka Dam burst 2022 - water supply damaged for drinking/agriculture & flooding caused destruction
Waste systems overwhelmed > pollution of sewage into rivers increasing risk of waterborne diseases
radiation (more long term worry) - shelling in Chernobyl exclusion zone. Tank movement in area disturbed soil toplayer containing caesium 137 (radioactive decay) - short spike noted travel by wind.
Name, locate and give the population for the case study used for Climate change
Kiribati
Location - island country in central Pacific Ocean
Population - approx. 138,000
What is the formula for gradient?
Gradient = rise (local relief) / run (distance)
What is the population policy that has shifted a country into an ageing demographic structure?
One child policy - China
2014 annexation
2022 full-scale
International sanctions
Financial isolation
Oligarchs have had their assets seized
SWIFT - removed access to money transfers
European import decline from Russia
Give an economic factor that impacts Kiribati
reliance on tuna industry
shortage of skilled workers
reliance on international aid
What is the formula for vertical exaggeration?
Vertical exaggeration = horizontal scale / vertical scale
High birth rates or declining death rates or high natural increase
Outline a social impact on Ukraine
-discrimination/social exclusion
2026 - 57000 casualties (20,000 dead)
- grief, trauma, long term disability (50,000 soldiers jan 2026)
- mass displacement 6 mill fled since 2022. 3-4 mill internally displaced
- unreliable services e.g. power/healthcare etc
- identity reshaped - stronger sense national unity/shared purpose and attachment.
Environmental impact on Russia
both sides have dug extensive trench networks, anti tank ditches, and bunkers
alters soil structure, disrupts drainage, destroys topsoil and makes land unusable for agriculture without major remediation
CANCC
What is the VE if HS = 1:10 000 and VS = 10m?
HS = 100m / 10m = 10 times
Young population with high BR and low life expectancy.
Challenge - pressure on services (healthcare/education)
not limited to this
Outline a social impact on Russia
250,000-300000 military casualties
-militarisation of russian society - increased presence of military.
-large scale emigration - approx 1 milion left > brain drain
Outline a challenge of climate change
warmer temps - vines more prone to disease can kill vineyard yield.
Milder winters = vines come out of dormancy quicker = susceptible to frost and breakages = death to vines = no economic gain.
Water shortages - drought stricken regions > short bursts of rain not helpful as soil is compacted > top layer erosion and infertility risk for soils.
Case study: Vineyards
Name the NGO management strategy for Kiribati
KiriCAN - Kiribati Climate Action Network.
What is the gradient if the local relief is 20 and the distance is 4cm on a 1:100 000 scale topographic map. (HINT: rise/run - change to metres)
20/400 = 1/20 = 1: 20
Outline challenges of an ageing population. Use a supporting case study
China/Japan. Options:
pressure on healthcare/aged care services
4:2:1 dependancy ratio - pressure on children
declining workforce > economic decline
not limited to above.
Economic impact on Ukraine
Direct damage cost - approx $150 billion US
Loss of industry/resource rich areas in Eastern and Southern areas e.g. steel facilities Azovstal - key foreign income.
Agriculture loss (wheat) > reduction to Africa now via US loss of GOV tax revenue
GDP fell by approx 30% in 2022
Describe an opportunity of climate change (HINT: China)
EV industry in China
Give a comparison between the two management strategies in Kiribati
NGO = local scale grassroots direct help to local people e.g migrate with dignity
CANCC = regional COP attendance reliance on larger developed nations