Body Systems
This energy system uses creatine phosphate as its main fuel source.
The ATP-PC system?
This principle states you must gradually increase the workload for continued improvements
What is progressive Overload?
Discuss the role first aid plays in response to movement
First aid provides immediate care to reduce severity, prevent further injury, promote recovery, and in serious cases preserve life (e.g., applying RICER for a soft tissue injury or CPR for cardiac arrest
Why does widening the base of support improve stability?
It increases the area within which the centre of gravity can remain balanced.
Distinguish between gross and fine motor skills, giving one sporting example of each.
Gross = large muscle groups (e.g., shot put); fine = small, precise movements (e.g., darts)
Explain the role of ligaments in movement
Ligaments connect bone to bone, stabilising joints and guiding motion
Explain carbohydrate loading’s benefit for endurance athletes
Maximises glycogen stores, delays fatigue, improves aerobic capacity
Explain the difference between carbohydrate loading for endurance vs. sprint athletes.
Endurance athletes benefit from increased glycogen availability; sprinters less so because events rely more on anaerobic systems?
In a basketball jump shot, identify one internal and one external force acting on the ball.
Internal = force from player’s muscles; external = gravity/air resistance
Explain when a coach should use part practice instead of whole practice
when teaching complex skills (e.g., gymnastics vault) that can be broken into components
Which energy system is dominant during a 10km run?
The aerobic energy system?
A rugby player completes HIIT sessions. Which energy systems benefit most, and why?
ATP-PC and lactic acid systems; HIIT mimics high-intensity, short-duration bursts requiring anaerobic ATP resynthesis
How does dehydration impair thermoregulation and performance?
Reduced plasma volume = impaired sweating and blood circulation, leading to overheating and fatigue
The point where all body mass is concentrated is called this.
Center of Gravity
A basketball player successfully intercepts a pass by reading the opponent’s body movement. Which performance element is demonstrated, and why is it important?
Anticipation; allows athletes to predict and react faster than their opponent
Distinguish between agonist and antagonist in a hamstring curl.
Agonist = hamstrings
Antagonist = quadriceps
Name two immediate physiological responses to training.
What are increased heart rate, ventilation rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, or lactate levels?
Explain how poor nutrition contributes to fatigue and delayed recovery
Inadequate carbs = glycogen depletion;
insufficient protein = impaired repair;
low iron = reduced oxygen transport
Apply Newton’s Third Law of Motion to sprint starts.
The athlete pushes back against the blocks, and the blocks push forward with equal and opposite force
Compare the effectiveness of internal feedback and external (augmented) feedback when learning a tennis serve.
Internal = kinaesthetic awareness of body movement; external = coach’s cues or video analysis; combination accelerates skill acquisition
Evaluate how both the digestive and endocrine systems interact to provide energy during prolonged aerobic exercise
Digestive system breaks down carbohydrates into glucose for absorption
Endocrine system (insulin, glucagon, adrenaline) regulates blood glucose, ensuring steady fuel for aerobic ATP production
Explain how aerobic training improves stroke volume
Stronger cardiac muscle allows greater blood pumped per beat, increasing efficiency
A triathlete consumes sports drinks mid-event. Explain how this benefits energy availability
Provides glucose for ongoing aerobic energy supply, delays glycogen depletion, maintains blood glucose levels
A gymnast balances on one hand. Analyse how centre of gravity and line of gravity influence their performance
The COG must stay above the base of support; small shifts outside cause loss of balance
A novice athlete with low prior experience and high anxiety is learning basketball shooting.
Recommend practice methods and feedback
Distributed + part practice, positive reinforcement, and external feedback to reduce anxiety and build confidence