Dimensions of health
Outline physical health and wellbeing
Relates to the functioning of the body and its systems, including the ability to perform daily tasks.
- Healthy body weight
- Absence of illness, disease or injury
- Optimal levels of energy
- Well-functioning body, systems and organs
What are the 9 prerequisites
- Peace
- Shelter
- Education
- Food
- Income
- Social Justice
- Equity
- Stable ecosystem
- Sustainable resources
Outline one strength and one limitation of the WHO definition of health and wellbeing
Strength:
- it refers to health and wellbeing as a ‘state’, therefore highlighting the fact that health and wellbeing is a dynamic concept and can change from one moment to the next.
- includes multiple dimensions of health and wellbeing
Limitation:
- the health and wellbeing of individuals can be difficult to measure.
- It doesn’t include a reference to the social dimension of health and wellbeing.
State as many health status indicators as you can think of: Will get 100 points for each indicator
Burden of disease.
Incidence
Prevalence
Disability-adjusted life year (DALY)
Life expectancy
Morbidity
Psychological distress.
Rate of hospitalisation
Mortality
Years lost due to disability (YLD)
Years of life lost (YLL)
What are the 5 sociocultural factors that contribute to variations in health outcomes for youth?
Peer group
Family
Education
Income
Health literacy
Outline emotional health and wellbeing
The ability to express feelings in an appropriate way.
- Recognise and understand emotions
- Have high levels of resilience
- Effectively express and manage emotions and your reactions
Describe how peace can lead to improved health outcomes.
In times of peace, people can move freely around their environment without fear of capture, torture or injury. This reduces feelings of anxiety and stress, improving mental health and wellbeing.
Connection to Country is fundamental to the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. Identify the dimension of health and wellbeing most associated with a sense of connection and belonging
Connection to Country, reflecting a sense of connection and belonging, is most likely to affect spiritual health and wellbeing.
Explain Mortality and Morbidity
- extra points if you include what prevalence and incidence mean
Mortality: the number of deaths in a population in a given period
Morbidity: ill health in an individual and levels of ill health within a population (often expressed through incidence, prevalence)
Prevalence: the number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time
Incidence: refers to the number (or rate) of new cases of a disease/condition in a population during a given period (usually 12 months)
Family is one of the leading influencing factors when it comes to learning positive health behaviours. Give one example of a positive health behaviour that is likely to be influenced by family
- dealing with stress in a healthy way
- regular participation in physical activity
- developing emotional intelligence and resilience
- practising effective communication skills with others
- healthy eating practices, such as appropriate portion sizes
- choosing not to smoke, drink alcohol in excess or take drugs.
Outline Social health and wellbeing
Relates to a person's interactions with others and the quality of their relationships with family, friends and others in the community.
- Productive relationship with others
- Supportive and well-functioning family
- Supportive friends
- Effective communication with others.
Explain why the prerequisite of income is important to health and wellbeing for an individual
The prerequisite of income is important to health and wellbeing because adequate income can allow an individual to afford resources that promote health and wellbeing. For example, healthy food, and access to physical activity, social and leisure activities, and healthcare all positively affect health and wellbeing.
Identify one example of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures and suggest how this example affects health and wellbeing.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture includes speaking their native language; this can help maintain relationships with others in the community who also speak the language, promoting positive relationships (social health and wellbeing).
What does it mean by 'Self-assessed health status'?
is based on an individual’s own perception of their health and wellbeing. People are asked to rate their level of health and wellbeing by choosing from one of five options:
- excellent
- very good
- good
- fair
- poor.
Explain why it is important for young people to keep updating their health knowledge upon completion of their formal schooling.
Health and wellbeing information needs will change over a person’s lifetime. What the student studied during secondary school may no longer be applicable to them at later times in their lives. Health and wellbeing information can also change, based around new research.
Outline mental health and wellbeing
The current state of wellbeing relating to a person's mind or brain and the ability to think and process information.
- low levels of stress and anxiety
- good self-esteem
- ability to process information
- high levels of confidence
Describe equity
Equity refers to fairness and the ability for every person to access the resources they need to lead a good and healthy life. It aims to level the playing field, so that those who are disadvantaged are given the same opportunities as others
Explain how connectedness to culture or family can improve the health status of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ communities
Participating in cultural activities, such as traditional dance and song, enhances connectedness with others and a sense of belonging in the community. People who feel connected and that they belong are less likely to participate in risk-taking behaviours (such as driving while intoxicated), which could otherwise lead to injury (morbidity). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who feel connected to their family are more likely to feel supported; they can voice concerns over how they are feeling and work through issues together. This can help lower rates of anxiety and depression, which, if left untreated, could lead to death from suicide (mortality).
What is the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10)?
A scale of psychological distress based on the answers to ten questions about negative emotional and mental states in the four weeks prior to the interview. This system classifies psychological distress as low, moderate, high and very high.
Using an example, discuss how peer group can positively influence one dimension of youth health and wellbeing.
During youth, the influence of peer group increases, and young people tend to spend more time with friends (such as on weekends and after school). This provides more opportunity for social interactions and strengthens relationships between the individuals, promoting social health and wellbeing in youth.
Outline spiritual health and wellbeing
The ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that a person has.
- A sense of belonging and connection
- Positive meaning and purpose in life
- Acting according to their values and beliefs
Describe Social Justice
Social justice means that all people are treated fairly and have equal rights, regardless of personal traits such as sex, income, religion, age, ethnicity, class or sexual orientation. Social justice means that all people are treated fairly and have equal rights, regardless of personal traits such as sex, income, religion, age, ethnicity, class or sexual orientation.
Alan is aged 14 and has a chronic illness that has left him partially deaf in one ear and unable to stand for long periods of time. He uses a walking stick to assist him with his balance and often needs assistance with putting on his shoes.
- Identify a core activity Alan is experiencing a limitation in. Use an example from the case study to justify your choice.
Mobility — Alan uses a walking stick to assist with his balance
Self-care — Alan needs assistance to put on his shoes.
Communication — Alan is partially deaf in one ear.
Explain Burden of Disease
a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries; specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the DALY
Use one example to explain how higher levels of education can impact mental health and wellbeing in youth.
Youth who have higher levels of education are more likely to secure jobs with better pay, which can lead to lower levels of stress. Youth with higher levels of education are also more likely to work in a job with prestige, which, in addition to providing job security, can promote self-concept and confidence. Reduced stress, and higher levels of self-concept and confidence impact positively on mental health and wellbeing in youth.