Legal Concepts
The three key components of _________ are fairness, equality, and access.
Justice
The type of crime where hackers demand a ransom.
Extortion
This term describes crimes committed by structured groups for profit, such as drug trafficking or money laundering.
Organised crime
This tragic event in 1996 led to the deaths of 35 people and sparked nationwide gun law reforms in Australia.
Port Arthur Massacre
This type of law is created by judges through decisions made in individual court cases.
Common law
A situation where there is no law, no government, and no order.
Anarchy
This federal law enforcement agency investigates serious national cybercrime, such as hacking and online child exploitation.
Australian Federal Police
This specialist taskforce within the NSW Police Force was established to disrupt and dismantle criminal activities of outlaw motorcycle gangs through targeted operations.
Strikeforce Raptor
The gunman responsible for the Port Arthur Massacre was sentenced to 35 life sentences without parole.
Martin Bryant
This court hears serious indictable offences in NSW and has appellate jurisdiction in criminal and civil matters.
Supreme Court NSW
This principle ensures that no one is above the law, including governments and officials.
Rule of law
Passed in 2021, this law gave the AFP and ACIC new powers to identify and disrupt serious cybercriminal networks.
Surveillance Legislation Amendment (Identify and Disrupt) Act 2021
These controversial state laws aim to restrict gang members from associating with each other in public or private.
Anti-consorting laws
This 1996 agreement between state and federal governments introduced uniform gun laws and banned semi-automatic rifles and shotguns.
National Firearms Agreement
This standard of proof is required in criminal cases for a person to be found guilty.
Beyond Reasonable Doubt
A form of government where one person holds absolute power, often ruling through fear and oppression.
Tyranny
One major legal challenge in prosecuting cybercrime is this issue, where offenders and evidence may be located in different countries.
Jurisdiction
This Queensland law, introduced in 2013, imposed harsh penalties and mandatory sentencing for gang-related crimes.
Vicious Lawless Association Disestablishment Act (VLAD Act)
The Prime Minister who led Australia’s response to the Port Arthur Massacre and introduced strict gun reforms.
John Howard
This institution provides free legal advice and representation to people who cannot afford a private lawyer in Australia.
Legal Aid
This term, derived from an ancient Athenian lawmaker, refers to extremely harsh or oppressive laws and punishments.
Draconian
In 2022, this major Australian health insurer was targeted in a cyberattack that exposed the personal and medical data of millions of customers.
Medibank
Critics argue that anti-gang laws may violate this constitutional principle by unfairly targeting individuals without a criminal conviction.
Rule of law or procedural fairness
This national initiative saw over 650,000 firearms surrendered or destroyed following the 1996 reforms.
Gun buyback scheme
This international document, adopted in 1948, outlines basic human rights and freedoms.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)