Stem Cells
Define potency?
The potential a stem cell has for change
What is the movement within the phloem
Multidirectional
True or False – we only breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.
False
The muscular organ that churns food and secretes digestive enzymes and acids for food digestion?
Stomach
Vascular bundle function
Transport critical substances
What can a cell not do once it has specialised?
It cannot revert back.
Name one of the transportation methods used by xylem
Transpiration, Cohesion, Root Pressure
What is the name of the muscle between the ribs?
Intercostal
Name the 3 digestive enzyme and what they break down.
Protease - Protein
Lipase - Lipids
Amylase - Carbohydrates
What does the chloroplast turn carbon dioxide and water into
Oxygen and Glucose (Sugar)
Level of potency when a cell is specialised?
Unipotent
Why does carbon dioxide move from the capillaries to the alveoli?
The concentration of carbon dioxide is lower in the alveoli - Moves from an area of high to low
What is created when oxygen and haemoglobin are combined?
Oxyhaemoglobin
Which nitrogenous waste is insoluble?
Uric Acid
Where does the partly digested food go after it leaves the stomach?
Small Intestine
Level of potency when a cell remains unspecialised?
Totipotent
Identify the 4 structural features that increases the exchange of gases on gaseous exchange surfaces? (respiratory)
Large surface area, small diffusion distance, extensive blood supply, Moist
Explain the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the respiratory system and why it moves? (alveoli + capillaries, capillaries + cells)
Oxygen moves out of the alveoli into the capillaries (high o2 in alveoli, low o2 in capillaries). Carbon dioxide moves out of the capillaries into the alveoli (high co2 in capillaries, low co2 in alveoli). Oxygen moves into the cell area of low o2, carbon dioxide moves into capillaries area of low co2.
Explain why ammonia must be converted to urea and uric acid in some animals
Ammonia is toxic and is hard to remove from the body, therefore is converted into urea and uric acid (less toxic, easier to remove)
What direction does deoxygenated blood travel with regards to alveoli?
Towards
List the structure of hierarchical organisation in organisms.
Stem cell -> cell -> tissue -> Organ -> Organ System
What layer of the leaf can you find the photosynthesis taking place.
Mesophyll - spongy/palisade
Where are the alveoli located?
At the end of the bronchioles
The lining is highly folded to form microscopic finger-like projections called villi. Further increase of surface area with microvilli.
Define Multipotent
Differentiate into multiple, but limited. It had picked a path and is limited by the options within that path.