Romanovs
This "mad monk" gained significant influence over Tsarina Alexandra because of his supposed ability to heal her son, Alexei, who suffered from hemophilia.
Rasputin
This late 19th-century movement, advocating for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, was a primary driver of Jewish immigration to the region.
Zionism
The assassination of this Austro-Hungarian Archduke in Sarajevo in June 1914 was the immediate trigger for the outbreak of World War I.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
This 1905 event, where unarmed demonstrators were fired upon by soldiers of the Imperial Guard as they marched toward the Winter Palace, shattered the Tsar's image as the "Little Father" of his people.
Bloody Sunday
This 1917 statement from the British government stated its support for "the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people," a document that would have profound consequences.
The Balfour Declaration
This style of fighting, characterised by vast networks of ditches and fortifications, led to a brutal stalemate and immense casualties for much of the war in France and Belgium.
Trench warfare
Tsar Nicholas II made this disastrous decision in 1915, personally tying the fate of the monarchy to the success or failure of the Russian military in World War I.
Taking control of the army in 1915 and dismissing his generals
After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, this international body granted Britain the authority to administer Palestine, a period marked by rising tensions between Arab and Jewish communities.
The League of Nations
Though initially unreliable, this vehicle, first introduced by the British at the Battle of the Somme, was developed to break the deadlock of trench warfare.
This revolution led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the establishment of a Provisional Government.
The February Revolution
In 1947, this international body passed Resolution 181, which recommended the partition of Palestine into separate Arab and Jewish states, a plan accepted by Jewish leaders but rejected by Arab leaders.
The United Nations
This term describes the complete mobilisation of a nation's resources and population for the war effort, blurring the lines between the battlefield and civilian life.
Total War
The Romanov family was executed in July 1918 in the cellar of a house in this Siberian city, bringing a final, brutal end to the dynasty.
Yekaterinburg
The declaration of Israel's independence in May 1948 was immediately followed by an invasion by several Arab states, an event that Israelis call the War of Independence and Palestinians refer to as the ....
Nakba
This massive series of German attacks in the spring of 1918 was Germany's final attempt to break the stalemate on the Western Front before the full weight of American forces could be felt.
The Ludendorff Spring Offensive