DNA & Genetics
The structure proposed by Watson and Crick for DNA.
What is the double helix?
The process of making an exact genetic copy of an organism.
What is cloning?
The term that describes a mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein.
What is a silent mutation?
This widely-recognised Australian campaign uses SunSmart slogans and education to reduce skin cancer rates.
What is the "Slip, Slop, Slap" campaign?
The loss of Cavendish bananas due to TR4 demonstrates why maintaining this is important for global food security.
What is genetic diversity?
The process by which genetic information is copied into mRNA.
What is transcription?
The term for organisms that have had genes from another species inserted into their DNA.
What are transgenic organisms?
The term for a mutation that results in a premature stop codon, leading to incomplete and usually nonfunctional proteins.
What is a nonsense mutation?
Deficiency in this vitamin can lead to night blindness.
What is vitamin A?
The measure used to assess the effectiveness of public health interventions.
What is incidence?
The molecule that carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
What is tRNA?
Ethical concerns often arise with this technology, which includes IVF and genetic screening.
What is assisted reproductive technology?
UV radiation commonly causes this type of mutation in DNA, resulting in covalent bonds between adjacent thymine bases.
What are thymine dimers?
This type of study follows a group of people over time to observe who develops a disease, often used to identify risk factors.
What is a cohort study?
The system that enables plants to activate defence genes in non-infected tissues after initial pathogen detection.
What is systemic acquired response?
This inheritance pattern is demonstrated when a heterozygote expresses both alleles equally in the phenotype, as seen in AB blood type.
What is codominance?
The technique used to separate DNA fragments by size.
What is gel electrophoresis?
Frameshift mutations typically result from this kind of genetic change.
What are insertions and deletions?
The term that describes the proportion of a population found to have a disease at a given time.
What is prevalence?
When a plant cell is infected, this rapid, localised cell death response prevents further spread of disease.
What is the hypersensitive response?
The term for the observable characteristics of an organism as a result of gene expression.
What is phenotype?
During recombinant DNA technology, this type of enzyme is used to cut DNA at specific recognition sites.
What are restriction enzymes?
A type of genetic change where a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another, non-homologous (different) chromosome.
What is translocation?
This biosecurity measure is used to prevent the spread of Panama disease (TR4) in Cavendish bananas by restricting movement of soil, plants, and farm equipment.
What is quarantine?
The type of cell that produces antibodies.
What is a plasma B cell?