Ecosystems
process by which plants use sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen, forming the basis of energy flow in ecosystems.
Photosynthesis
This is the term used to describe the constant state of balanced change that ecosystems experience.
dynamic equilibrium
In which quadrant of Australia is the Great Barrier Reef located?
the northeastern quadrant
Two reasons that developing world megacities experience a housing shortage
rapid population growth and rural-to-urban migration
In this megacity, more than 90% of commuters still use the overcrowded railway system, as the roadways are too congested.
Mumbai, India
As you move up a food chain, the number of organisms at each trophic level typically decreases due to this.
energy loss or decrease in energy?
This concept refers to the belief that ecosystems have value in their own right, independent of any usefulness to humans.
intrinsic value
What is the minimum water temperature required for coral growth?
17–18°C
A settlement with a shopping district and schools, like Dubbo.
A Town
This is the second leading cause of death in children under five years old, often caused by infections from contaminated water.
diarrhoeal disease
This type of feedback loop accelerates a natural response, often exacerbating a change in the system.
positive feedback loop
This worldview, held by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, places the natural world at the center of society, viewing humans as part of the environment rather than separate from it.
ecocentric worldview
Which starfish species can destroy large areas of reef when in plague proportions?
the crown-of-thorns starfish
This city has nearly 50% of its population living in squatter settlements, making housing a major challenge.
Mexico City
The social enterprise founded by Australians in 2012 to bring solar lighting to India’s slums, helping to reduce energy poverty.
Pollinate Energy
When excess nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus enter water bodies, causing algal blooms and oxygen depletion, this process is called this.
eutrophication
Changes caused by humans that were not planned or intended, such as algal blooms from fertiliser runoff.
inadvertent changes
List 5 strategies being done at the GBR
- Tourist education
- Management of tourism pontoons
- Improving water quality
- Shipping regulations
-Anchoring and mooring
This type of settlement is formed around a central point like a park or service area.
A nucleated settlement
Copenhagen's energy comes primarily from these sources, contributing to its goal of becoming carbon-neutral by 2025.
renewable energy sources (e.g., wind and solar power)
The balance between the Earth’s incoming heat from the Sun and outgoing heat that radiates back into space is known as this.
global heat budget
In the years following the eruption, ecosystems began to slowly recover through this natural process.
ecological succession
How is ocean acidification a threat to the GBR?
- impact on coral calcification
- Weakened Coral Reefs
- Disruption of the Food Web
- Loss of Biodiversity
This strategy, used in Brazil and India, involves dividing urban land into plots with basic services, allowing residents to build homes.
site-and-service project
The urban transport project aimed at improving Mumbai’s public transport, which includes new rail tracks, stations, and eco-friendly buses, and is expected to be completed by 2031.
the Mumbai Urban Infrastructure Project (MUIP)