Nature and Development of Human Rights
This Magna Carta principle limited the power of the king and established the idea that everyone, including rulers, must obey the law.
What is the rule of law?
This international organisation promotes human rights globally through declarations, treaties, and specialised bodies such as the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly.
What is the United Nations?
This crime involves recruiting, transporting, or harbouring people through force, coercion, or deception for the purpose of exploitation.
What is human trafficking?
This term refers to crimes that cross national borders or affect more than one country, often requiring cooperation between multiple legal systems to investigate and prosecute.
What is transnational crime?
In NSW, this is the minimum age at which a person can be charged with a criminal offence.
What is 10 years of age?
Adopted by the United Nations in 1948, this document outlines fundamental rights and freedoms but is not legally binding on its own.
What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
In this legal system, international human rights treaties do not automatically become law domestically and must first be passed through legislation by parliament before they can be enforced in the country.
What is a dualist system?
This international treaty, adopted by the United Nations in 2000, aims to prevent and combat trafficking in persons, especially women and children.
What is the Palermo Protocol?
This international court prosecutes individuals for serious crimes such as genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes.
What is the International Criminal Court (ICC)?
This legal principle presumes that a child aged 10–14 is incapable of forming criminal intent, unless the prosecution proves otherwise.
What is doli incapax?
This human rights principle ensures that all adult citizens have the right to vote in elections, regardless of factors such as gender, wealth, or social status.
What is universal suffrage?
This independent statutory body investigates complaints of discrimination, conducts national inquiries and provides legal advice in Australia.
What is the Australian Human Rights Commission?
This practice occurs when a person is forced to work to repay a debt, but the terms of repayment are unfair or unclear, meaning the debt can never realistically be paid off.
What is debt bondage?
This global policing organisation helps countries cooperate by sharing intelligence, issuing alerts, and coordinating investigations across borders.
What is INTERPOL?
In NSW, this court deals specifically with most criminal matters involving young people and aims to prioritise rehabilitation over punishment.
What is the Children's Court of NSW?
Rights such as freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and the right to vote fall into this category of rights, which focuses on participation in political life and protection from government interference are encompassed in this formal statement.
What is the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)?
In Australia, this court can protect human rights by interpreting the Constitution and legislation, sometimes recognising implied rights such as freedom of political communication.
What is the High Court of Australia?
This Commonwealth law requires large businesses operating in Australia to report on risks of modern slavery in their supply chains.
What is the Modern Slavery Act 2018 (Cth)?
This legal process occurs when one country formally requests that another country return a suspected or convicted criminal to face trial or serve a sentence.
What is extradition?
This approach to justice focuses on repairing harm caused by an offence by encouraging dialogue between the offender, the victim, and the community, rather than focusing solely on punishment.
What is restorative justice?
This human rights principle recognises that peoples have the right to freely determine their political status and pursue their economic, social, and cultural development.
What is self-determination?
Non-Government Organisations such as Human Rights Watch help promote human rights primarily by using this strategy to pressure governments and raise awareness.
What is advocacy/campaigning?
This non-government organisation works to end modern slavery by researching global slavery levels and advocating for stronger laws and protections.
What is Walk Free?
This crime involves acts committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.
What is genocide?
These programs aim to keep young offenders out of the formal court system by using measures such as warnings, cautions, or conferences to address offending behaviour.
What are diversionary programs?