states of matter
What is the material from which things are made and takes up space
Matter
Is a melting ice cube a physical or chemical change?
Physical
Is a chemical change reversible or irreversible?
Irreversible - involves the rearrangement of the atoms of one or more substances and a change in their chemical properties or composition
Define corrrosion
a natural process that causes the transformation of pure metals into undesirable substances when they react with substances like water or air
gradual breakdown of material
Solute = salt
Solvent = water
What are the 3 states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas
Describe evaporation
When a liquid turns into a gas
Provide an example of a chemical change
Burning, rusting, cooking
What conditions are required for iron to rust?
Oxygen and moisture
Define solubility
the maximum amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature
Describe the arrangement of gas particles
Far apart and random arrangement
What is the change of the state of matter from the gas into the liquid as a result of a decrease in temperature?
Condensation
What are the substances at the beginning and end of a chemical reaction called?
Reactants and products
What is the process of keeping moisture out of the air to prevent rusting called?
Humidity control
A substance is mixed with a liquid. The outcome is a mixture that has evenly dispersed particles and is transparent. This can be called a ______
Solution
Describe the volume, shape, and movement of liquid particles.
Unfixed shape, fixed volume (not easily compressible), particles slide past eachother
Is dissolving salt in water a reversible or irreversible change?
Reversible
List 3 signs of a chemical change
Colour change, gas bubbles, light, smell, change in temperature, formation of a solid
Why is it important to prevent rust?
Multiple answers including preventing bridges collapsing, keep machinery working, boat hulls undamaged etc
A substance is mixed with water. The substance sinks to the bottom. This substance can be called a ______
Sediment
List at least 3 out of 4 main ideas of the particle model.
All matter is made up of tiny particles.
The particles of matter are always moving.
The particles have spaces between them.
Adding heat to matter makes the particles move faster.
when a solid changes straight into a gas without becoming a liquid first
sublimation
Why can chemical changes usually NOT be reversed easily?
New substances with new chemical bonds have been formed.
It would require the input of energy to break the bonds.
What is galvanisation?
The process of applying a protective zinc coating to steel or iron, to prevent rusting.
What is the solvent in nail polish that the coloured polymer is dissolved in?
Acetone