Ancient Writing
u 3000 BCE. There were about 700 signs, each standing for a word or a sound. Are often found carved and painted in tombs, and on monuments. They were also written on a form of paper made from the papyrus plant stalks.
Hieroglyphs
•Based on the teachings of Jesus Christ. There is one God, believers follow the Bible, pray and attend Church.•Based on the teachings of Jesus Christ. There is one God, believers follow the Bible, pray and attend Church.
Christianity
What can be found in each layer of Stratum of the earth? From Stratum 1-5.
Stratum 1- Bedrock
Stratum 2- Increasingly stony
Stratum 3- Increasingly stony clay soils
Stratum 4- Subsoil
Stratum 5- Surface level with organic materials.
What causes Gaps and Silences in History?
Created after the fact using primary sources e.g. text books
Secondary Sources
By the early part of the first millennium BCE, a number of languages in today’s Middle East region had alphabets. These were lists of what symbols related to which sounds. The first alphabets contained only consonants. The alphabet of the ancient Phoenicians (a people living in the region of today’s Lebanon) had 22 characters. It would later influence the writing of the ancient Greeks and provide the basis for the alphabet of the ancient Romans.
Alphabets
•Based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama
•A person must work towards spiritual enlightenment through repeated cycles of reincarnation.
Buddhism
A form of historical dating that identifies, analyses and studies the layers of the earth.
Statigraphy
A monotheistic religion centered around the belief in one God, Allah, and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad.
Islam
Direct evidence from the past e.g. diary, artifact.
Primary Source
Represent either meaning or sounds. They are shown in columns, each being two glyphs wide. Each column is read from top to bottom and from left to right. Many decorative glyphs depict animals and people. They are often carved on temples or around tombs.
Mayan Glyphs
•Belief system of early Japanese people.
•Avoid evil by carrying our purification rituals and calling on ancient spirits.
Shinto
Where was Mungo man found?
Lake Mungo
A Chinese philosophy and religion that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao (or Dao), which is often described as the way of the universe or the natural order
Taoism
Study of early First Nations Peoples of Australia, a period defined by the development of cultural practices and organised societies. It is a framework to describe immense scales of geological time used by geologists, archaeologists and anthropologists to investigate the past lives of First Nations Peoples.
Deep Time
It began, like many other scripts, with characters that looked like tiny ‘pictures’. With time, these became more stylised. There are tens of thousands of characters, which are traditionallydrawn with a brush. The size of the brush tip, the type of ink and the brush pressure all influence the look of the script. Most words consist of one or two characters, sometimes three. Each character represents a syllable
Chinese Calligraphy.
A diverse Indian religion and philosophy, encompassing a wide range of traditions and beliefs.
Hinduism
When was Mungo man found?
1968
•It is an absolute dating technique. Special equipment is used to work out how much of a particular form of carbon (C14) is still present in once-living remains.
•Measures that decay of carbon isotopes. Charcoal, bone and other organic material can be dated with this method.
Radiocarbon Dating
Inclination or prejudice for or against one person or group, especially in a way considered to be unfair.
Bias
The script used by the Sumerians was the most complex. It had about 600 characters, 15 times as many as those used by the ancient Persians. Some cuneiform symbols were logographs; others represented sounds. The symbols are wedge-shaped, reflecting the shape of the tools used to make them. They were typically recorded on clay tablets. The symbols were pushed into wet clay, and the tablets were then dried in the sun.
Cuneiform
Is a monotheistic faith originating in the Abrahamic tradition. It centers on the belief in one God, the creator of the universe. Key aspects include the Torah, the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), the concept of a chosen people, and the observance of traditions and rituals like the Shabbat (Sabbath).
Judaism
What is the significance of Mungo Man and Mungo Women to our history?
Evidence of early Aboriginal life and culture, Proves long human occupation of Australia and highlights complex belief systems.
•Almost all archaeological dating methods provide a date with a margin of error.
•Tree ring dating, is the only method capable of absolute precision.
•Each year, as a tree grows, they add a new layer (ring) under the bark. These rings are easily visible through a cross section.
The order in which events occurred.
Chronology time.