Microscopes
What type of microscope uses visible light and a series of lenses to magnify cells and other small objects?
Light microscope
Which organelle controls the activities of a cell and contains its genetic material?
Nucleus
What is the basic unit that makes up all living things?
The cell
Which organ stores urine before it leaves the body?
Bladder
Which system breaks food down into smaller substances that can be absorbed and used by the body?
Digestive system
You are looking through a microscope and want to move the specimen into the correct position. Which part of the microscope holds the slide in place?
Stage
You observe a cell with a cell wall, chloroplasts and a large vacuole. Is it most likely a plant, animal or fungal cell?
Plant cell
According to cell theory, what is the relationship between existing cells and new cells?
New cells come from existing cells.
Which organ is primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients from digested food?
Small intestine
Which type of neuron carries information from sensory receptors towards the central nervous system?
Sensory neuron
A microscope has a 10× eyepiece and a 40× objective lens. What is the total magnification?
400×
Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis and allows plant cells to use light energy to make glucose?
Chloroplast
Put these structures in order from simplest to most complex: organ, organism, tissue, cell, organ system.
Cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism
Which two structures make up the central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord
A nerve cell has a long extension that allows it to transmit messages over a large distance. How does this structure help the cell perform its function?
It allows electrical messages to travel between different parts of the body.
When changing from a low-power objective lens to a high-power objective lens, what happens to the field of view?
The field of view becomes smaller.
A cell needs a large amount of energy to carry out its functions. Which organelle would you expect it to contain many of?
Mitochondria
A group of similar cells work together to perform a particular function. What level of organisation does this describe?
Tissue
Which organs filter the blood, remove wastes and help control the amount of water in the body?
Kidneys
Explain how the skeletal and nervous systems work together to protect the spinal cord.
The vertebral column surrounds and protects the spinal cord from damage.
A student uses a microscope with a 10× eyepiece and first uses a 10× objective lens. They then change to a 40× objective lens. How many times greater is the total magnification after changing lenses?
4 times greater — from 100× to 400×
A cell has a cell wall and a vacuole but does not have chloroplasts. It also has a nucleus and mitochondria. Which type of cell is it most likely to be?
Fungal cell
Explain why a muscle cell has a different structure from a nerve cell.
They perform different functions, so their structures are specialised/adapted to allow them to perform those functions.
A person has difficulty producing hormones that regulate their blood glucose levels. Which organ is most likely not functioning correctly?
Pancreas
A person eats a meal containing carbohydrates. Explain how the digestive and endocrine systems work together to help the body use the nutrients from the meal.
The digestive system breaks carbohydrates into smaller molecules such as glucose, which can be absorbed into the blood. The endocrine system, particularly the pancreas, releases hormones such as insulin to help regulate blood glucose levels.