Applied knowledge
The cytoplasm of a cell contains water and dissolved nutrients. Explain why water’s ability to change state (solid, liquid, gas) is essential for cell survival in varying environmental conditions.
Freezing (solid state) or evaporation (gas state) disrupts cell function.
What are 2 hormones associated with reproduction
Oestrogen,testosterone, LH, FSH, Human growth hormone.
Whats the difference between transformation and Transfer
Transformation = changing forms of energy
Transfer = energy staying the same moving from one space to another.
What is the basic unit of life?
(Answer: The cell)
What is a physical change?
A change in appearance or state
No new substance is formed
A scientist observes both photosynthesis and respiration in plant and animal cells. Explain how these chemical reactions demonstrate different energy transformations
Photosynthesis creates Oxygen
respiration creates Carbon Dioxide
What is the main role of the placenta in the female?
Heat energy from a pot flows through a metal spoon and burns someones hand
Is this transformation or transferring of heat energy?
Transfer
Name two parts of an animal cell and briefly describe their functions.
Mitorhocnida - make energy for the cell
Nucleus - contains DNA
Ribosomes - Transport protein
Cell membrane - protect internal structure of the cell
What is a chemical change?
A production of a new substance
No new substances are formed
Explain how temperature (thermal energy) affects enzyme activity in cells and how this can impact processes such as cell division and reproduction.
Allowing for reactions to occur at a faster rate
What is budding?
a form of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from some generative anatomical point of the parent
energy associated with the possibility of an object to fall from gravity
Gravitational Potential Energy.
Why are mitochondria often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell
Mitochondria produce energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration, powering cell functions.
Explain why burning wood is considered a chemical change.
Burning wood is a chemical change because it produces new substances, such as ash, water vapor, and carbon dioxide, that cannot be reversed to form wood again.
During puberty, the human body grows rapidly, which requires both physical and chemical changes in cells. Describe how energy (in the form of ATP) is used in these processes and how cellular structures are involved
ATP provides energy for cellular growth, division, and repair. Mitochondria generate ATP during cellular respiration, which powers the synthesis of new proteins and cellular structures necessary for growth.
Budding
Spores
Binary fission
Describe the 3 states of matter
Solid, Liquid and gas
What organelles do plant cells that are different from animal cells.
Cell Wall
Large vacuole
Chloroplasts
Describe how you could tell if a chemical reaction has taken place.
Indicators include a color change, gas production (bubbling), temperature change, formation of a precipitate, or a change in odor.
In the human body, food is digested into smaller molecules that cells can use for energy. Classify the digestion process as a physical or chemical change and explain the types of energy involved.
Digestion involves both physical changes (chewing) and chemical changes (breaking down food molecules). Chemical energy released is used to produce ATP in cells.
List two advantages of asexual reproduction.
(Answer: It requires only one parent, and it is usually quicker and can produce many offspring in a short time.)
What does the particle model theory refer to?
Everything is arranged and made up by particles.
These particles are arranged in certain structures that can create a solid, liquid or a gas
What is the process plant use to make their own food, and which organelle is responsible for this?
Photosynthesis, Chloroplast.
During cooking, baking soda is added to dough, causing it to rise. Explain whether this is a chemical or physical change
This is a chemical change because the baking soda reacts with other ingredients to produce carbon dioxide gas, which causes the dough to rise. This reaction creates a new substance that cannot be reversed to get the original ingredients back.