Industrial Rev
How might workers have viewed the Industrial Revolution differently from factory owners?
Workers saw hardship and long hours; owners saw profits and opportunity.
Why did Britain colonise Australia in the late 1700s?
To use it as a penal colony after losing America.
Define militarism and explain how it created tension in Europe.
Militarism is building up armies; it made countries suspicious and competitive.
Explain what trench warfare was and why it was so difficult for soldiers.
Fighting from trenches with little movement; harsh conditions made life miserable.
What roles did women take on during WWI in Australia?
They worked in factories, farms, and as nurses.
Why did England’s population grow so quickly during this time?
Better food, medicine, and sanitation led to longer life expectancy.
How did British colonisation affect the environment of Australia?
Farming and introduced species damaged ecosystems.
What role did imperialism play in the lead-up to WWI?
Nations competed for colonies, causing conflict.
How did trench systems make battles long and drawn out?
They created stalemates where neither side advanced.
What was conscription, and was it introduced in Australia?
Compulsory enlistment for war; it was voted down.
Why do you think the Industrial Revolution happened in Britain first?
It had coal, iron, money, colonies, and a strong navy for trade.
What role did nationalism play in the push for Federation?
It created pride in being “Australian” and encouraged the colonies to unite as one nation.
Why might ordinary citizens in Europe have supported the idea of going to war?
They were influenced by propaganda, nationalism, and patriotism.
Why was Gallipoli called Australia’s “baptism of fire”?
Because it was the first major battle where large numbers of Australian soldiers fought and died in World War I.
Why were Australians divided over the issue of conscription?
Some supported duty; others feared deaths and unfairness.
What was the Industrial Revolution, and why is it considered such an important turning point in history?
It was a period of rapid industrial and technological change (1750–1900) that transformed economies, work, and society.
How did the discovery of gold change Australia’s population and culture?
It caused a population boom with migrants from around the world and made Australia more multicultural/It boosted the economy, expanded democracy, and made society more multicultural.
What event sparked the beginning of World War I? How did this event lead to a wider conflict?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914. Alliances caused other nations to join in.
Why was the Western Front so significant in the outcome of WWI?
It was where the main fighting and final victory occurred.
What is an armistice, and when was the WWI armistice signed?
A ceasefire – 11 November 1918.
Name one invention from the Industrial Revolution and explain how it changed people’s lives.
The steam engine – it powered factories, trains, and ships, making travel and production faster.
What was Federation, and when did it happen? Give three reasons why the Australian colonies chose to federate
Federation was the uniting of the six colonies into one nation, forming the Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January 1901.
Reasons for Federation:
Stronger defence together.
Free trade between colonies.
A shared national identity.
Why might ordinary citizens in Europe have supported the idea of going to war?
They were influenced by propaganda, nationalism, and patriotism.
How did soldiers’ experiences at Gallipoli shape Australian attitudes toward war?
It created pride in bravery but also awareness of war’s cost.
Why were some Australians opposed to the war effort?
They opposed conscription, costs, or believed it was Britain’s war.